Watson Bridget N J, Steens Jurre A, Staals Raymond H J, Westra Edze R, van Houte Stineke
ESI, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn TR10 9FE, UK.
Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Cell Host Microbe. 2021 May 12;29(5):715-725. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.03.018.
CRISPR-Cas systems provide bacteria and archaea with adaptive, heritable immunity against their viruses (bacteriophages and phages) and other parasitic genetic elements. CRISPR-Cas systems are highly diverse, and we are only beginning to understand their relative importance in phage defense. In this review, we will discuss when and why CRISPR-Cas immunity against phages evolves, and how this, in turn, selects for the evolution of immune evasion by phages. Finally, we will discuss our current understanding of if, and when, we observe coevolution between CRISPR-Cas systems and phages, and how this may be influenced by the mechanism of CRISPR-Cas immunity.
CRISPR-Cas系统为细菌和古生菌提供了针对其病毒（噬菌体）和其他寄生性遗传元件的适应性、可遗传免疫。CRISPR-Cas系统高度多样，而我们才刚刚开始了解它们在噬菌体防御中的相对重要性。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论CRISPR-Cas针对噬菌体的免疫何时以及为何会进化，以及这反过来如何选择噬菌体免疫逃避的进化。最后，我们将讨论我们目前对于是否以及何时观察到CRISPR-Cas系统与噬菌体之间的协同进化的理解，以及这可能如何受到CRISPR-Cas免疫机制的影响。
