Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Ecophysiology, Department of Fish Biology and Genetics, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh.
Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Ecophysiology, Department of Fish Biology and Genetics, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh; School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, QLD 4556, Australia; Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, QLD 4556, Australia.
J Environ Manage. 2024 Jun;360:121117. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121117. Epub 2024 May 10.
The ecological health of freshwater rivers is deteriorating globally due to careless human activities, for instance, the emission of plastic garbage into the river. The current research was the first assessment of microplastics (MPs) pollution in water, sediment, and representative organisms (fish, crustacean, and bivalve) from the Surma River. Water, sediment, and organisms were sampled from six river sites (Site 1: Charkhai; Site 2: Golapganj; Site 3: Alampur; Site 4: Kazir Bazar; Site 5: Kanishail and Site 6: Lamakazi), and major water quality parameters were recorded during sampling. Thereafter, MPs in water, sediment, and organism samples were extracted, and then microscopically examined to categorize selected MPs types. The abundance of MPs, as well as size, and color distribution, were estimated. Polymer types were analyzed by ATR-FTIR, the color loss of MPs was recorded, the Pollution Load Index (PLI) was calculated, and the relationship between MPs and water quality parameters was analyzed. Sites 4 and 5 had comparatively poorer water quality than other sites. Microplastic fibers, fragments, and microbeads were consistently observed in water, sediment, and organisms. A substantial range of MPs in water, sediment, and organisms (37.33-686.67 items/L, 0.89-15.12 items/g, and 0.66-48.93 items/g, respectively) was recorded. There was a diverse color range, and MPs of <200 μm were prevalent in sampling areas. Six polymer types were identified by ATR-FTIR, namely Polyethylene (PE), Polyamide (PA), Polypropylene (PP), Cellulose acetate (CA), Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and Polystyrene (PS), where PE (41%) was recognized as highly abundant. The highest PLI was documented in Site 4 followed by Site 5 both in water and sediment. Likewise, Sites 4 and 5 were substantially different from other study areas according to PCA. Overall, the pervasiveness of MPs was evident in the Surma River, which requires further attention and prompt actions.
由于人类的疏忽活动，全球淡水河流的生态健康正在恶化，例如将塑料垃圾排放到河流中。本研究首次评估了来自苏里马河的水、沉积物和代表性生物（鱼类、甲壳类动物和双壳类动物）中的微塑料（MPs）污染。从六个河流地点（地点 1：恰尔卡伊；地点 2：戈拉潘杰；地点 3：阿拉普尔；地点 4：卡齐尔巴扎尔；地点 5：卡尼沙伊尔和地点 6：拉马卡齐）采集了水样、底泥和生物样本，并在采样过程中记录了主要水质参数。然后，从水样、底泥和生物样本中提取 MPs，并进行显微镜检查以对选定的 MPs 类型进行分类。估计 MPs 的丰度以及大小和颜色分布。通过 ATR-FTIR 分析聚合物类型，记录 MPs 的颜色损失，计算污染负荷指数（PLI），并分析 MPs 与水质参数之间的关系。地点 4 和 5 的水质比其他地点差。微塑料纤维、碎片和微珠在水、沉积物和生物中一直被观察到。在水、沉积物和生物中记录到大量的 MPs（37.33-686.67 项/L、0.89-15.12 项/g 和 0.66-48.93 项/g）。有一个广泛的颜色范围，并且在采样区域中普遍存在 <200μm 的 MPs。通过 ATR-FTIR 鉴定了六种聚合物类型，即聚乙烯（PE）、聚酰胺（PA）、聚丙烯（PP）、醋酸纤维素（CA）、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）和聚苯乙烯（PS），其中 PE（41%）被认为是高度丰富的。在水和沉积物中，记录到的 PLI 最高的是地点 4，其次是地点 5。同样，根据 PCA，地点 4 和 5 与其他研究区域有很大的不同。总的来说，苏里马河的 MPs 普遍存在，需要进一步关注和采取行动。
