Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Department of Psychiatry and Center for Behavioral Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Neurobiol Aging. 2024 Aug;140:60-69. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2024.04.011. Epub 2024 May 1.
We tested if cognitive and brain reserve and maintenance explain individual differences in episodic memory and other cognitive domains from late middle to early older adulthood. We used The Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging data (n=1604 men) with episodic memory measured at mean ages of 56, 62 and 68 years, and magnetic resonance imaging data for a subsample of participants (n=321). Cognitive reserve -young adult general cognitive ability at a mean age of 20 years and, to a lesser degree, educational attainment- was positively related to episodic memory performance at each assessment, but not to memory change. We found no evidence for the associations of brain reserve or brain maintenance on memory change. Results were highly similar when looking at processing speed, executive function and verbal fluency. In conclusion, higher young adult cognitive reserve was related to better episodic memory in midlife and older adulthood, but it did not confer better cognitive maintenance with respect to memory. This supports the importance of early cognitive development in dementia prevention.
我们测试了认知和大脑储备以及维护是否可以解释从中年后期到早期老年期的情景记忆和其他认知领域的个体差异。我们使用了越南时代的衰老双胞胎研究（n=1604 名男性）的数据，这些数据在平均年龄为 56、62 和 68 岁时测量了情景记忆，并对部分参与者（n=321）进行了磁共振成像数据测量。认知储备-在平均年龄为 20 岁的年轻成年人的一般认知能力，以及在较小程度上的教育程度-与每次评估时的情景记忆表现呈正相关，但与记忆变化无关。我们没有发现大脑储备或大脑维护与记忆变化之间存在关联的证据。当观察处理速度、执行功能和词汇流畅性时，结果非常相似。总之，较高的年轻成年人认知储备与中年和老年期更好的情景记忆有关，但在记忆方面并没有更好的认知维护。这支持了早期认知发展对预防痴呆症的重要性。
