Gustavson Daniel E, Elman Jeremy A, Reynolds Chandra A, Eyler Lisa T, Fennema-Notestine Christine, Puckett Olivia K, Panizzon Matthew S, Gillespie Nathan A, Neale Michael C, Lyons Michael J, Franz Carol E, Kremen William S
Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Neurobiol Aging. 2024 Sep;141:113-120. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2024.05.001. Epub 2024 May 16.
We examined how brain reserve in midlife, measured by brain-predicted age difference scores (Brain-PADs), predicted executive function concurrently and longitudinally into early old age, and whether these associations were moderated by young adult cognitive reserve or APOE genotype. 508 men in the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging (VETSA) completed neuroimaging assessments at mean age 56 and six executive function tasks at mean ages 56, 62, and 68 years. Results indicated that greater brain reserve at age 56 was associated with better concurrent executive function (r=.10, p=.040) and less decline in executive function over 12 years (r=.34, p=.001). These associations were not moderated by cognitive reserve or APOE genotype. Twin analysis suggested associations with executive function slopes were driven by genetic influences. Our findings suggest that greater brain reserve allowed for better cognitive maintenance from middle- to old age, driven by a genetic association. The results are consistent with differential preservation of executive function based on brain reserve that is independent of young adult cognitive reserve or APOE genotype.
我们研究了中年时期的大脑储备（通过脑预测年龄差异分数（Brain-PADs）衡量）如何同时及纵向预测到老年早期的执行功能，以及这些关联是否受到年轻成人认知储备或APOE基因型的调节。越南时代双生子衰老研究（VETSA）中的508名男性在平均年龄56岁时完成了神经影像学评估，并在平均年龄56岁、62岁和68岁时完成了六项执行功能任务。结果表明，56岁时更大的大脑储备与更好的同时期执行功能相关（r = 0.10，p = 0.040），且在12年期间执行功能的下降更少（r = 0.34，p = 0.001）。这些关联未受到认知储备或APOE基因型的调节。双生子分析表明，与执行功能斜率的关联是由遗传影响驱动的。我们的研究结果表明，更大的大脑储备能够在中年到老年期间实现更好的认知维持，这是由遗传关联驱动的。结果与基于大脑储备的执行功能差异保存一致，该差异独立于年轻成人认知储备或APOE基因型。
