Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Dent Mater. 2024 Jun;40(6):951-957. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.04.010. Epub 2024 May 10.
This study examines the effect of two light-curing protocols from a LED polywave light curing unit (LCU) on water sorption, solubility, and hygroscopic expansion of fast and conventional bulk-fill resin-based composites (RBCs) aged in distilled water for 120 d.
Three bulk-fill RBCs materials were studied: Tetric PowerFill® (fast photo-polymerised composite) (TPF), Tetric EvoCeram bulk-fill (EVO), and GrandioSo x-tra bulk-fill (GSO) (conventional photo-polymerised composites). Specimens were prepared within a 3D-printed resin mold (8-mm diameter x 4-mm height) and light-cured from one side only with 2 modes of polywave LCU (Bluephase® PowerCure): 3 s mode and for 20 s in "Standard" mode. Water sorption and solubility were measured at fixed time intervals for 120 d of distilled water storage, then reconditioned to dry to measure desorption for 75 d, all at 37 ± 1 °C. Hygroscopic (volumetric) expansion was recorded at the same time intervals up to 120 d. Data were analysed through SPSS using Two-way ANOVA, One-way ANOVA, independent t-tests, and Tukey's post-hoc correction tests (p < 0.05).
TPF, when irradiated for 3 s demonstrated minimal water sorption (0.83%), solubility (1.01 μg/mm), and least volumetric expansion (1.64%) compared to EVO and GSO. While EVO showed the highest water sorption (1.03%) and solubility (1.95 μg/mm) at 3 s. GSO had the lowest sorption (0.67%) and (0.56%) in 3 s and 20 s protocols, respectively. Nevertheless, all the sorption and solubility data were within the ISO 4049 limits.
For TPF, fast (3 s) polymerisation did not increase either water sorption or solubility, compared with 20 s irradiation. However, with the two comparative bulk-fill composites, fast cure increased water sorption by 15-25% and more than doubled solubility. These findings were consistent with the lesser volumetric expansions observed for Tetric PowerFill at both the fast and standard protocols, indicating its relative stability across polymerisation protocols.
本研究考察了 LED 多波长光固化器（LCU）中两种光固化方案对在蒸馏水中老化 120 天的快速和传统块状填充型树脂基复合材料（RBC）的吸水率、溶解度和吸湿膨胀的影响。
研究了三种块状填充 RBC 材料：Tetric PowerFill®（快速光聚合复合材料）（TPF）、Tetric EvoCeram 块状填充（EVO）和 GrandioSo x-tra 块状填充（GSO）（传统光聚合复合材料）。将样品在 3D 打印树脂模具（8mm 直径 x 4mm 高度）内制备，仅从一侧用光固化，使用 2 种多波 LCU（Bluephase® PowerCure）模式：3s 模式和“标准”模式下 20s。在蒸馏水中储存 120 天后，每隔固定时间测量吸水率和溶解度，然后再干燥 75 天以测量解吸，所有实验均在 37±1°C 下进行。同时每隔一段时间记录吸湿（体积）膨胀，直至 120 天。使用 SPSS 通过双因素方差分析、单因素方差分析、独立 t 检验和 Tukey 事后检验（p<0.05）对数据进行分析。
与 EVO 和 GSO 相比，当用 3s 光照射时，TPF 的吸水率（0.83%）、溶解度（1.01μg/mm）和体积膨胀率（1.64%）最小。而 EVO 在 3s 时显示出最高的吸水率（1.03%）和溶解度（1.95μg/mm）。GSO 在 3s 和 20s 方案中的吸水率最低（0.67%）和（0.56%）。然而，所有的吸水率和溶解度数据均在 ISO 4049 限值内。
对于 TPF，与 20s 辐照相比，快速（3s）聚合并未增加吸水率或溶解度。然而，对于两种比较的块状填充复合材料，快速固化使吸水率增加了 15-25%，溶解度增加了一倍以上。这些发现与在快速和标准方案下 Tetric PowerFill 观察到的较小体积膨胀一致，表明其在聚合方案中相对稳定。
