Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China; Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, 453514, China.
Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China.
Chemosphere. 2024 Jul;359:142309. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142309. Epub 2024 May 10.
Pesticides play vital roles in controlling pests and boosting crop yields. Imidacloprid is widely used all over the world and may form in agricultural products. The presence of pesticide residues in apples raises serious health concerns. Understanding the residual fate of imidacloprid is critical for food safety and human health. In this study, the dissipation behavior, metabolism, household processing and risk assessment of imidacloprid and its metabolites in apple were investigated from filed to products. Field experiment results suggested that the half-lives of imidacloprid at 5 times the recommended dosage was 1.5 times that of the standard dosage. And the final residues of imidacloprid were less than the established maximum residue limits (MRLs). Clarification and simmering had little effect on the reduction the residues of imidacloprid and its metabolites. The calculated processing factors were lower than 1 for imidacloprid and its metabolites, implying that the residual ratios of imidacloprid and its metabolites in each steps of the food processing were reduced. The risk quotients were <1 for all Chinese people, indicating that acceptable risks associated with dietary exposure to imidacloprid in apple. However, the higher risks were observed in young people than adults, and females faced higher risks than males. Given high residue levels in pomace, imidacloprid and its metabolites should be further studied in commercial byproducts.
农药在控制害虫和提高作物产量方面发挥着重要作用。吡虫啉在全世界广泛使用，可能会在农产品中形成。苹果中存在农药残留会引起严重的健康问题。了解吡虫啉的残留命运对于食品安全和人类健康至关重要。本研究从田间到产品，对苹果中吡虫啉及其代谢物的消解行为、代谢、家庭加工和风险评估进行了研究。田间试验结果表明，推荐剂量 5 倍的吡虫啉半衰期是标准剂量的 1.5 倍。而且，吡虫啉的最终残留量低于规定的最大残留限量（MRLs）。澄清和炖煮对减少吡虫啉及其代谢物的残留几乎没有影响。吡虫啉及其代谢物的计算加工因子均低于 1，表明在食品加工的各个步骤中，吡虫啉及其代谢物的残留比例都有所降低。对于所有中国人来说，风险商数均<1，表明与食用苹果中的吡虫啉相关的膳食暴露存在可接受的风险。然而，年轻人的风险高于成年人，女性面临的风险高于男性。鉴于果皮中的高残留水平，应进一步研究商业副产品中的吡虫啉及其代谢物。
