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创伤性脑损伤后的神经炎症和神经退行性变

Neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration following traumatic brain injuries.

作者信息

Boulton Matthew, Al-Rubaie Ali

机构信息

School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia.

出版信息

Anat Sci Int. 2025 Jan;100(1):3-14. doi: 10.1007/s12565-024-00778-2. Epub 2024 May 13.

Abstract

Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) commonly occur following head trauma. TBI may result in short- and long-term complications which may lead to neurodegenerative consequences, including cognitive impairment post-TBI. When investigating the neurodegeneration following TBI, studies have highlighted the role reactive astrocytes have in the neuroinflammation and degeneration process. This review showcases a variety of markers that show reactive astrocyte presence under pathological conditions, including glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Crystallin Alpha-B (CRYA-B), Complement Component 3 (C3) and S100A10. Astrocyte activation may lead to white-matter inflammation, expressed as white-matter hyperintensities. Other white-matter changes in the brain following TBI include increased cortical thickness in the white matter. This review addresses the gaps in the literature regarding post-mortem human studies focussing on reactive astrocytes, alongside the potential uses of these proteins as markers in the future studies that investigate the proportions of astrocytes in the post-TBI brain has been discussed. This research may benefit future studies that focus on the role reactive astrocytes play in the post-TBI brain and may assist clinicians in managing patients who have suffered TBI.

摘要

创伤性脑损伤(TBI)通常在头部外伤后发生。TBI可能导致短期和长期并发症,这些并发症可能会引发神经退行性后果,包括TBI后的认知障碍。在研究TBI后的神经退行性变时,研究强调了反应性星形胶质细胞在神经炎症和退变过程中的作用。本综述展示了多种在病理条件下表明反应性星形胶质细胞存在的标志物,包括胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)、αB晶状体蛋白(CRYA-B)、补体成分3(C3)和S100A10。星形胶质细胞活化可能导致白质炎症,表现为白质高信号。TBI后脑内的其他白质变化包括白质皮质厚度增加。本综述阐述了关于聚焦反应性星形胶质细胞的死后人体研究文献中的空白,同时讨论了这些蛋白质在未来研究中作为标志物的潜在用途,这些研究旨在调查TBI后脑内星形胶质细胞的比例。这项研究可能有益于未来关注反应性星形胶质细胞在TBI后脑内所起作用的研究,并可能帮助临床医生管理TBI患者。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/098b/11725545/0f76ddb42f36/12565_2024_778_Fig1_HTML.jpg

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