Pacnejer Aliteia-Maria, Butuca Anca, Dobrea Carmen Maximiliana, Arseniu Anca Maria, Frum Adina, Gligor Felicia Gabriela, Arseniu Rares, Vonica Razvan Constantin, Vonica-Tincu Andreea Loredana, Oancea Cristian, Mogosan Cristina, Popa Ilie Ioana Rada, Morgovan Claudiu, Dehelean Cristina Adriana
Department of Toxicology, Drug Industry, Management and Legislation, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timişoara, Romania.
Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, "Lucian Blaga" University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania.
Viruses. 2024 Nov 21;16(12):1811. doi: 10.3390/v16121811.
The COVID-19 outbreak, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, was linked to significant neurological and psychiatric manifestations. This review examines the physiopathological mechanisms underlying these neuropsychiatric outcomes and discusses current management strategies. Primarily a respiratory disease, COVID-19 frequently leads to neurological issues, including cephalalgia and migraines, loss of sensory perception, cerebrovascular accidents, and neurological impairment such as encephalopathy. Lasting neuropsychological effects have also been recorded in individuals following SARS-CoV-2 infection. These include anxiety, depression, and cognitive dysfunction, suggesting a lasting impact on mental health. The neuroinvasive potential of the virus, inflammatory responses, and the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in neuroinflammation are critical factors in neuropsychiatric COVID-19 manifestations. In addition, the review highlights the importance of monitoring biomarkers to assess Central Nervous System (CNS) involvement. Management strategies for these neuropsychiatric conditions include supportive therapy, antiepileptic drugs, antithrombotic therapy, and psychotropic drugs, emphasizing the need for a multidisciplinary approach. Understanding the long-term neuropsychiatric implications of COVID-19 is essential for developing effective treatment protocols and improving patient outcomes.
由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）病毒引起的2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）疫情与显著的神经和精神表现有关。本综述探讨了这些神经精神后果背后的生理病理机制，并讨论了当前的管理策略。COVID-19主要是一种呼吸系统疾病，经常导致神经问题，包括头痛和偏头痛、感觉丧失、脑血管意外以及脑病等神经功能障碍。在感染SARS-CoV-2的个体中也记录到了持久的神经心理影响。这些包括焦虑、抑郁和认知功能障碍，表明对心理健康有持久影响。病毒的神经侵袭潜力、炎症反应以及血管紧张素转换酶2（ACE2）在神经炎症中的作用是COVID-19神经精神表现的关键因素。此外，该综述强调了监测生物标志物以评估中枢神经系统（CNS）受累情况的重要性。这些神经精神疾病的管理策略包括支持性治疗、抗癫痫药物、抗血栓治疗和精神药物，强调需要采取多学科方法。了解COVID-19的长期神经精神影响对于制定有效的治疗方案和改善患者预后至关重要。
