Mazer Prune, Carneiro Fábio, Domingo Juan, Pasion Rita, Silveira Celeste, Ferreira-Santos Fernando
ESS, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Eur J Neurosci. 2024 Jun;59(11):2863-2874. doi: 10.1111/ejn.16355. Epub 2024 May 13.
Mismatch negativity (MMN) is an event-related potential component automatically elicited by events that violate predictions based on prior events. To elicit this component, researchers use stimulus repetition to induce predictions, and the MMN is obtained by subtracting the brain response to rare or unpredicted stimuli from that of frequent stimuli. Under the Predictive Processing framework, one increasingly popular interpretation of the mismatch response postulates that MMN represents a prediction error. In this context, the reduced MMN amplitude to auditory stimuli has been considered a potential biomarker of Schizophrenia, representing a reduced prediction error and the inability to update the mental model of the world based on the sensory signals. It is unclear, however, whether this amplitude reduction is specific for auditory events or if the visual MMN reveals a similar pattern in schizophrenia spectrum disorder. This review and meta-analysis aimed to summarise the available literature on the vMMN in schizophrenia. A systematic literature search resulted in 10 eligible studies that resulted in a combined effect size of g = -.63, CI [-.86, -.41], reflecting lower vMMN amplitudes in patients. These results are in line with the findings in the auditory domain. This component offers certain advantages, such as less susceptibility to overlap with components generated by attentional demands. Future studies should use vMMN to explore abnormalities in the Predictive Processing framework in different stages and groups of the SSD and increase the knowledge in the search for biomarkers in schizophrenia.
失配负波（MMN）是一种事件相关电位成分，由违反基于先前事件的预测的事件自动诱发。为了引出这个成分，研究人员使用刺激重复来诱导预测，通过从频繁刺激的脑反应中减去对罕见或未预测刺激的脑反应来获得MMN。在预测加工框架下，对失配反应越来越流行的一种解释假设MMN代表预测误差。在这种情况下，对听觉刺激的MMN波幅降低被认为是精神分裂症的一种潜在生物标志物，代表预测误差降低以及无法根据感觉信号更新世界心理模型。然而，尚不清楚这种波幅降低是否特定于听觉事件，或者视觉MMN在精神分裂症谱系障碍中是否呈现类似模式。这篇综述和荟萃分析旨在总结关于精神分裂症视觉MMN的现有文献。系统的文献检索产生了10项符合条件的研究，合并效应量为g = -0.63，可信区间[ -0.86, -0.41 ]，反映出患者的视觉MMN波幅较低。这些结果与听觉领域的研究结果一致。这个成分具有某些优势，比如较少受与注意力需求产生的成分重叠的影响。未来的研究应该使用视觉MMN来探索精神分裂症谱系障碍不同阶段和群体在预测加工框架中的异常情况，并增加在寻找精神分裂症生物标志物方面的知识。
