Medical Student, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Altru Health System, Grand Forks, ND, USA.
Am J Case Rep. 2024 May 14;25:e943725. doi: 10.12659/AJCR.943725.
BACKGROUND Congenital dislocation of the knee (CDK) is rare and can cause significant distress in the delivery room to parents and to healthcare providers, especially if the latter are unaware of this condition. It may not be detected by prenatal ultrasound and can be either an isolated finding or associated with other anomalies such as developmental hip dysplasia and genetic syndromes such as Larsen syndrome. Because of the risk of development of contractures, immediate referral to a specialized provider is needed. Poor prognostic factors include an association with a genetic syndrome, limited knee flexion related to severe quadriceps retraction, and absence of anterior skin grooves. A satisfactory outcome can be anticipated in isolated cases with easy reducibility of the knee. CASE REPORT A term baby presented unexpectedly with left knee dislocation after delivery. The providers, unaware of the condition, immediately consulted the orthopedic service, who assisted in the diagnosis, and appropriate management was initiated. The baby had serial casting of the leg, which was applied for almost 3 months, with excellent results on the clinical examination. CONCLUSIONS CDK is a rare finding. The diagnosis is primarily clinical and radiographs are used to confirm and assess the degree of the dislocation. The degree of dislocation is important for management and prognosis. Interventions ranging from serial casting to surgery are required as soon as possible. As the CDK can be associated with genetic syndromes or other dysplasias such as developmental dysplasia of the hip and talipes equinovarus, further evaluation for these conditions is warranted.
先天性膝关节脱位(CDK)较为罕见,可导致患儿父母和医护人员在分娩室感到明显困扰,尤其是后者对这种情况不了解时。该病可能无法通过产前超声检测到,可能为孤立性表现,也可能与其他异常相关,如发育性髋关节发育不良和遗传性综合征,如 Larsen 综合征。由于存在发生挛缩的风险,需要立即向专业医生转介。预后不良的因素包括与遗传性综合征相关、与严重股四头肌回缩相关的膝关节屈曲受限、以及无前侧皮纹。孤立性病例中,如果膝关节易于复位,则可以预期获得良好的结果。
足月婴儿分娩后意外出现左侧膝关节脱位。医护人员对这种情况不了解,立即咨询了矫形外科医生,后者协助诊断并开始了适当的治疗。该婴儿接受了腿部的连续石膏固定,将近 3 个月,临床检查结果良好。
CDK 较为罕见。主要通过临床诊断,X 线片用于确诊和评估脱位程度。脱位程度对治疗和预后很重要。一旦确诊,需要尽快进行从连续石膏固定到手术等干预措施。由于 CDK 可能与遗传综合征或其他发育不良(如发育性髋关节发育不良和马蹄内翻足)相关,因此需要进一步评估这些情况。