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Int Ophthalmol Clin. 1985 Summer;25(2):107-16. doi: 10.1097/00004397-198502520-00013.
Immune responses to nonenveloped and enveloped viruses are different (see Table 1). The immune reactions to nonenveloped viruses are predominantly humoral responses against extracellular viruses, because nonenveloped viruses usually are released rapidly, a process that results in lysis and death of the infected cell, and because viral antigens are not present on the cell membrane. In contrast, cell-mediated immunity, together with humoral immune response, plays a major role in the defense against enveloped viral infections, since the release of enveloped viruses from the infected cells occurs slowly and the cell membrane contains viral antigens that become targets for effector cells of cell-mediated immunity.
对无包膜病毒和有包膜病毒的免疫反应有所不同（见表1）。对无包膜病毒的免疫反应主要是针对细胞外病毒的体液免疫反应，这是因为无包膜病毒通常迅速释放，此过程会导致被感染细胞裂解和死亡，而且病毒抗原不存在于细胞膜上。相比之下，细胞介导免疫与体液免疫反应一起，在抵御有包膜病毒感染中起主要作用，因为有包膜病毒从被感染细胞中缓慢释放，并且细胞膜含有成为细胞介导免疫效应细胞靶标的病毒抗原。
