Center for Evolution and Conservation Biology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China.
CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Conserv Biol. 2024 Dec;38(6):e14291. doi: 10.1111/cobi.14291. Epub 2024 May 15.
Globally, marine fish communities are being altered by climate change and human disturbances. We examined data on global marine fish communities to assess changes in community-weighted mean temperature affinity (i.e., mean temperatures within geographic ranges), maximum length, and trophic levels, which, respectively, represent the physiological, morphological, and trophic characteristics of marine fish communities. Then, we explored the influence of climate change and fishing on these characteristics because of their long-term role in shaping fish communities, especially their interactive effects. We employed spatial linear mixed models to investigate their impacts on community-weighted mean trait values and on abundance of different fish lengths and trophic groups. Globally, we observed an initial increasing trend in the temperature affinity of marine fish communities, whereas the weighted mean length and trophic levels of fish communities showed a declining trend. However, these shift trends were not significant, likely due to the large variation in midlatitude communities. Fishing pressure increased fish communities' temperature affinity in regions experiencing climate warming. Furthermore, climate warming was associated with an increase in weighted mean length and trophic levels of fish communities. Low climate baseline temperature appeared to mitigate the effect of climate warming on temperature affinity and trophic levels. The effect of climate warming on the relative abundance of different trophic classes and size classes both exhibited a nonlinear pattern. The small and relatively large fish species may benefit from climate warming, whereas the medium and largest size groups may be disadvantaged. Our results highlight the urgency of establishing stepping-stone marine protected areas to facilitate the migration of fishes to habitats in a warming ocean. Moreover, reducing human disturbance is crucial to mitigate rapid tropicalization, particularly in vulnerable temperate regions.
全球范围内，海洋鱼类群落正受到气候变化和人类干扰的影响。我们研究了全球海洋鱼类群落的数据，以评估群落加权平均温度偏好（即在地理范围内的平均温度）、最大长度和营养级别的变化，它们分别代表海洋鱼类群落的生理、形态和营养特征。然后，我们探讨了气候变化和捕捞对这些特征的影响，因为它们在塑造鱼类群落方面发挥着长期作用，尤其是它们的相互作用。我们采用空间线性混合模型来研究它们对群落加权平均特征值以及不同鱼类长度和营养类群丰度的影响。全球范围内，我们观察到海洋鱼类群落的温度偏好呈现出初始的增长趋势，而鱼类群落的加权平均长度和营养级则呈现出下降的趋势。然而，这些变化趋势并不显著，可能是由于中纬度群落的变化较大。在经历气候变暖的地区，捕捞压力增加了鱼类群落的温度偏好。此外，气候变暖与鱼类群落加权平均长度和营养级的增加有关。低气候基线温度似乎减轻了气候变暖对温度偏好和营养级的影响。气候变暖对不同营养类群和大小类群相对丰度的影响均呈现出非线性模式。较小和相对较大的鱼类物种可能受益于气候变暖，而中等和最大的体型群体可能处于劣势。我们的研究结果强调了建立阶梯式海洋保护区的紧迫性，以促进鱼类向变暖海洋中的栖息地迁移。此外，减少人类干扰对于缓解热带化的快速发展至关重要，尤其是在脆弱的温带地区。
