Center of Sport and Health Sciences, School of Education, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway.
PLoS One. 2024 May 15;19(5):e0300810. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300810. eCollection 2024.
The aim of the study was to compare the mental health and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) of adolescents in two cross-sectional cohorts, one measured in 2003 and the other in 2015, both at age 15 and across sexes. The study also sought to estimate the association between mental health and CRF in the two cohorts and examine the relationship between the level of CRF and mental health in each cohort overall and by sex. Data from 443 participants born in 1988 (228 males, 215 females) and 303 participants born in 1999 (126 males, 177 females) were analyzed. Mental health was assessed using self-reports of body image, self-esteem, and symptoms of depression and anxiety. CRF was estimated using a maximal cycle ergometer test. From 2003 to 2015, body image scores improved (p = .043), self-esteem remained stable, and CRF declined significantly (p < .001). No self-esteem differences were observed between sexes in any cohort. Males had higher CRF and body image scores than females in both cohorts (p < .001 for all comparisons). Higher CRF correlated with fewer depressive symptoms across sexes and cohorts. Specifically, higher CRF was associated with anxiety in females and improved body image in males (2003) and both sexes (2015). Increased CRF was linked to higher self-esteem in females but not in males. Overall, higher CRF levels were associated with better mental health outcomes for both sexes. These results highlight the potential of improving adolescent mental health through increased physical fitness.
这项研究的目的是比较两个横断面队列（分别在 2003 年和 2015 年，年龄均为 15 岁，男女均有）中青少年的心理健康和心肺功能（CRF）。该研究还试图估计两个队列中心理健康与 CRF 的相关性，并检验每个队列中 CRF 水平与心理健康之间的关系，包括整体和按性别划分的关系。分析了 443 名 1988 年出生的参与者（男性 228 名，女性 215 名）和 303 名 1999 年出生的参与者（男性 126 名，女性 177 名）的数据。心理健康状况通过身体形象、自尊和抑郁、焦虑症状自评报告进行评估。CRF 使用最大循环测功仪测试进行评估。从 2003 年到 2015 年，身体形象评分有所提高（p =.043），自尊保持稳定，CRF 显著下降（p <.001）。在任何一个队列中，性别之间的自尊均无差异。两个队列中，男性的 CRF 和身体形象评分均高于女性（所有比较的 p 值均 <.001）。更高的 CRF 与各性别和各队列中抑郁症状的减少呈正相关。具体而言，更高的 CRF 与女性的焦虑和男性（2003 年）和两性（2015 年）的身体形象改善相关。女性的 CRF 升高与自尊升高相关，但男性并非如此。总的来说，更高的 CRF 水平与两性的心理健康结果更好相关。这些结果突出了通过提高身体健康来改善青少年心理健康的潜力。
