Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st street SW, floor 8, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905, USA.
Mayo Clinic Rhoton Neurosurgery and Otolaryngology Surgical Anatomy Program, Rochester, Minnesota , USA.
Brain Topogr. 2024 Nov;37(6):947-960. doi: 10.1007/s10548-024-01058-y. Epub 2024 May 16.
White matter dissection (WMD) involves isolating bundles of myelinated axons in the brain and serves to gain insights into brain function and neural mechanisms underlying neurological disorders. While effective, cadaveric brain dissections pose certain challenges mainly due to availability of resources. Technological advancements, such as photogrammetry, have the potential to overcome these limitations by creating detailed three-dimensional (3D) models for immersive learning experiences in neuroanatomy. This study aimed to provide a detailed step-by-step WMD captured using two-dimensional (2D) images and 3D models (via photogrammetry) to serve as a comprehensive guide for studying white matter tracts of the brain. One formalin-fixed brain specimen was utilized to perform the WMD. The brain was divided in a sagittal plane and both cerebral hemispheres were stored in a freezer at -20 °C for 10 days, then thawed under running water at room temperature. Micro-instruments under an operating microscope were used to perform a systematic lateral-to-medial and medial-to-lateral dissection, while 2D images were captured and 3D models were created through photogrammetry during each stage of the dissection. Dissection was performed with comprehensive examination of the location, main landmarks, connections, and functions of the white matter tracts of the brain. Furthermore, high-quality 3D models of the dissections were created and housed on SketchFab, allowing for accessible and free of charge viewing for educational and research purposes. Our comprehensive dissection and 3D models have the potential to increase understanding of the intricate white matter anatomy and could provide an accessible platform for the teaching of neuroanatomy.
脑白质解剖（White Matter Dissection，WMD）涉及分离大脑中髓鞘化轴突束，旨在深入了解大脑功能和神经机制，以及神经障碍的发病机制。尽管尸体解剖是一种有效的方法，但由于资源有限，也存在一些挑战。摄影测量等技术进步有可能通过创建详细的三维（3D）模型来克服这些限制，从而为神经解剖学的沉浸式学习体验提供支持。本研究旨在提供使用二维（2D）图像和 3D 模型（通过摄影测量）捕获的详细分步 WMD，作为研究大脑白质束的综合指南。本研究使用福尔马林固定的脑标本进行 WMD。大脑被沿矢状面分割，然后将两个大脑半球储存在-20°C 的冰箱中 10 天，然后在室温下用自来水解冻。在手术显微镜下使用微器械进行系统的外侧到内侧和内侧到外侧解剖，同时在解剖的每个阶段拍摄 2D 图像并通过摄影测量创建 3D 模型。解剖时全面检查大脑白质束的位置、主要标志、连接和功能。此外，创建了高质量的解剖 3D 模型，并将其存储在 SketchFab 上，以便教育和研究目的免费访问和查看。我们的全面解剖和 3D 模型有可能增加对复杂的脑白质解剖结构的理解，并为神经解剖学的教学提供一个可访问的平台。
