Song Nan, Wei Shu-Jun, Wang Miaomiao
Henan International Laboratory for Green Pest Control/College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China.
Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal. 2023 Jan-Dec;34(1-8):49-65. doi: 10.1080/24701394.2024.2345663. Epub 2024 May 16.
The order Hymenoptera is one of the most species-rich insect orders, with more than 150,000 described extant species. Many hymenopteran insects have very different mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) organizations compared to the putative ancestral organization of insects. In this study, we sequenced 18 mitogenomes of representatives in the order Hymenoptera to increase taxonomic sampling. A total of 475 species were used in phylogenetic analyses, including 18 new mitogenomes and 457 existing mitogenomes. Using a site-heterogeneous model, Bayesian's inference from amino acid data yielded more resolved relationships among Hymenoptera than maximum-likelihood analysis and coalescent-based species analyses. The monophyly of Symphyta was not supported. The Xyeloidea was the earliest branching clade in the Hymenoptera. The Orussoidea was closely related to Apocrita. Within Apocrita, the Parasitoida was non-monophyletic. The monophyly of most Parasitoida superfamilies received strong support. The Proctotrupomorpha clade was supported in Bayesian's analysis. The Apoidea was monophyletic when excluding from consideration. The superfamilies Vespoidea and Chrysidoidea were found to be non-monophyletic. Comparisons of mitochondrial gene order revealed a higher frequency of gene rearrangement among lineages with a parasitoid lifestyle, particularly prominent in Chalcidoidea. The degree of gene rearrangement ranked second in specific taxa of Cynipoidea and Ichneumonoidea.
膜翅目是物种最为丰富的昆虫目之一，已描述的现存物种超过15万种。与假定的昆虫祖先基因组组织相比，许多膜翅目昆虫的线粒体基因组（线粒体基因组）组织差异很大。在本研究中，我们对膜翅目代表的18个线粒体基因组进行了测序，以增加分类抽样。系统发育分析共使用了475个物种，包括18个新的线粒体基因组和457个现有的线粒体基因组。使用位点异质性模型，基于氨基酸数据的贝叶斯推断比最大似然分析和基于合并的物种分析在膜翅目之间产生了更清晰的关系。叶蜂亚目的单系性未得到支持。广腰亚目是膜翅目中最早分支的类群。胡蜂总科与细腰亚目关系密切。在细腰亚目中，寄生类群不是单系的。大多数寄生类群总科的单系性得到了有力支持。在贝叶斯分析中支持原蜂总科分支。排除某些类群后，蜜蜂总科是单系的。发现胡蜂总科和青蜂总科不是单系的。线粒体基因顺序的比较显示，具有寄生生活方式的谱系中基因重排的频率更高，在小蜂总科中尤为突出。基因重排在瘿蜂总科和姬蜂总科的特定类群中排名第二。
