Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0091, USA.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2010 Oct;57(1):101-12. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.07.006. Epub 2010 Jul 14.
Hymenoptera is one of the most diverse groups of animals on the planet and have vital importance for ecosystem function as pollinators and parasitoids. Higher-level relationships among Hymenoptera have been notoriously difficult to resolve with both morphological and traditional molecular approaches. Here we examined the utility of expressed sequence tags for resolving relationships among hymenopteran superfamilies. Transcripts were assembled for 6 disparate Hymenopteran taxa with additional sequences added from public databases for a final dataset of 24 genes for 16 taxa and over 10 kb of sequence data. The concatenated dataset recovered a robust and well-supported topology demonstrating the monophyly of Holometabola, Hymenoptera, Apocrita, Aculeata, Ichneumonoidea, and a sister relationship between the two most closely related proctotrupomorphs in the dataset (Cynipoidea+Proctotrupoidea). The data strongly supported a sister relationship between Aculeata and Proctotrupomorpha, contrary to previously proposed hypotheses. Additionally there was strong evidence indicating Ichneumonoidea as sister to Aculeata+Proctotrupomorpha. These relationships were robust to missing data, nucleotide composition biases, low taxonomic sampling, and conflicting signal across gene trees. There was also strong evidence indicating that Chalcidoidea is not contained within Proctotrupomorpha.
膜翅目是地球上最多样化的动物群体之一，作为传粉者和寄生性天敌，对生态系统功能具有重要意义。膜翅目昆虫的高级分类关系一直以来都很难用形态学和传统分子方法来解决。在这里，我们研究了表达序列标签在解决膜翅目超科之间关系中的应用。对 6 种不同的膜翅目昆虫进行了转录组组装，并从公共数据库中添加了额外的序列，最终得到了 24 个基因、16 个分类群和超过 10 kb 的序列数据。联合数据集恢复了一个稳健且支持度高的拓扑结构，证明了完全变态的单系性、膜翅目、细腰亚目、螫刺亚目、姬蜂总科以及数据集内两个最接近的原尾虫类（姬蜂总科+原尾虫科）之间的姐妹关系。数据强烈支持螫刺亚目和原尾虫类之间的姐妹关系，这与以前提出的假说相反。此外，还有强有力的证据表明，姬蜂总科与螫刺亚目+原尾虫类是姐妹关系。这些关系在缺失数据、核苷酸组成偏差、低分类群采样和基因树之间的冲突信号方面具有稳健性。也有强有力的证据表明，小蜂总科不包含在原尾虫类中。
