Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
INVEST Research Flagship Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2024;15(1):2349445. doi: 10.1080/20008066.2024.2349445. Epub 2024 May 16.
High levels of post-traumatic stress are well documented among refugees. Yet, refugee adolescents display high heterogeneity in their type of trauma and symptom levels. Following the recurrent plea for validated trauma screening tools, this study investigated the psychometric properties of the Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-8) among refugee adolescents from Afghanistan ( = 148), Syria ( = 234), and Somalia ( = 175) living in Europe. The model fit for the confirmatory factor structures was tested, as well as measurement invariance between the three groups. The robustness of results was evaluated by testing measurement invariance between recently arrived and settled adolescents, and between different response labelling options. Reliability (, , and ordinal ), criterion validity, and prevalence estimates were calculated. The intrusion subscale showed a better stable model fit than the avoidance subscale, but the two-factor structure was mainly supported. Configural measurement invariance was achieved between Afghan and Somali adolescents, and strong measurement invariance between Syrian and Somali adolescents. The results were robust considering the time living in the host country and response labelling styles. Reliability was low among Afghan and Syrian adolescents (.717-.856), whereas it was higher among Somali adolescents (.831-.887). The total score had medium-sized correlations with emotional problems (.303-.418) and low correlations with hyperactivity (.077-.155). There were statistically significant differences in symptom prevalence: Afghan adolescents had higher prevalence (55.5%) than Syrian (42.8%) and Somali (37%) adolescents, and unaccompanied refugee minors had higher symptom prevalence (63.5%) than accompanied adolescents (40.7%). This study mostly supports the use of the CRIES-8 among adolescents from Afghanistan, Syria, and Somalia, and even comparative analyses of group means. Variation in reliability estimates, however, makes diagnostic predictions difficult, as the risk of misclassification is high.
创伤后应激水平在难民中已有大量记录。然而,难民青少年在其创伤类型和症状水平上表现出高度的异质性。在反复呼吁使用经过验证的创伤筛查工具之后,本研究调查了儿童修订后的创伤后应激量表(CRIES-8)在欧洲的阿富汗(n=148)、叙利亚(n=234)和索马里(n=175)难民青少年中的心理测量特性。验证了验证性因素结构的模型拟合度,以及三组之间的测量不变性。通过测试最近抵达和定居的青少年以及不同反应标签选项之间的测量不变性,评估了结果的稳健性。计算了可靠性(、、和 ordinal)、效标效度和患病率估计值。入侵子量表的稳定模型拟合度优于回避子量表,但主要支持两因素结构。阿富汗和索马里青少年之间实现了配置测量不变性,叙利亚和索马里青少年之间实现了强测量不变性。考虑到在收容国居住的时间和反应标签样式,结果是稳健的。阿富汗和叙利亚青少年的可靠性较低(.717-.856),而索马里青少年的可靠性较高(.831-.887)。总分与情绪问题(.303-.418)呈中等相关,与多动(.077-.155)呈低相关。症状患病率存在统计学显著差异:阿富汗青少年的患病率(55.5%)高于叙利亚(42.8%)和索马里(37%)青少年,无人陪伴的难民未成年人的症状患病率(63.5%)高于有陪伴的青少年(40.7%)。本研究主要支持在阿富汗、叙利亚和索马里的青少年中使用 CRIES-8,甚至支持对组平均值进行比较分析。然而,可靠性估计值的变化使得诊断预测变得困难,因为错误分类的风险很高。