Scharpf Florian, Kaltenbach Elisa, Nickerson Angela, Hecker Tobias
Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, P. O. Box 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany.
Centre for Research in Family Health, IWK Health Centre, 5850/5980 University Ave, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada.
Clin Psychol Rev. 2021 Feb;83:101930. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101930. Epub 2020 Oct 20.
In the past decade, millions of children and adolescents have been forced to flee from protracted or newly erupted violent conflicts. Forcibly displaced children are particularly vulnerable for developing mental health problems. However, a timely and systematic review of the current evidence is lacking. We conducted a systematic review of factors contributing to the mental health of refugee children across different socio-ecological levels (individual, family, community, sociocultural). We systematically searched the databases Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Cochrane for English studies published in peer-reviewed journals between August 2010 and May 2020. Of the 2413 identified studies, 63 were included in the analyses. Only 24 studies were considered to be of high quality. Pre-migration individual (risk: exposure to war-related trauma, female gender) and post-migration family factors (risk: parental mental health problems and impaired parenting, protective: family cohesion) currently have the best evidence base. Post-migration community (protective: school connectedness, support by peers) and sociocultural factors (risk: discrimination and acculturative stress, protective: integrative acculturation) have gained some support in high-income settings. Prevention and intervention approaches should integrate factors across different socio-ecological levels. More longitudinal studies and research in low- and middle-income countries are needed to advance our knowledge on causal mechanisms behind factors contributing to refugee youth's mental health.
在过去十年中，数百万儿童和青少年被迫逃离长期存在或新爆发的暴力冲突。被迫流离失所的儿童尤其容易出现心理健康问题。然而，目前缺乏对现有证据的及时和系统综述。我们对不同社会生态层面（个体、家庭、社区、社会文化）影响难民儿童心理健康的因素进行了系统综述。我们系统检索了Medline、PsycINFO、科学网和Cochrane数据库，查找2010年8月至2020年5月期间发表在同行评审期刊上的英文研究。在识别出的2413项研究中，63项被纳入分析。只有24项研究被认为质量较高。迁移前的个体因素（风险因素：遭受与战争相关的创伤、女性性别）和迁移后的家庭因素（风险因素：父母心理健康问题和养育方式受损，保护因素：家庭凝聚力）目前有最佳的证据基础。迁移后的社区因素（保护因素：与学校的联系、同伴支持）和社会文化因素（风险因素：歧视和文化适应压力，保护因素：整合性文化适应）在高收入环境中得到了一些支持。预防和干预方法应整合不同社会生态层面的因素。需要更多的纵向研究以及在低收入和中等收入国家开展研究，以增进我们对影响难民青年心理健康因素背后因果机制的了解。
