Department of English Language Teaching, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran.
PLoS One. 2024 May 16;19(5):e0300147. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300147. eCollection 2024.
The proliferation of smart devices in educational settings has prompted a need to investigate their influence on learners' attitudes and language learning outcomes. Recent advancements in smart technology (ST) have ignited curiosity regarding their impact on academic eagerness (AE), (AS), and academic performance (AP) among elementary English language learners. Despite this, there remains a dearth of comprehensive discussion in this area. This study encompasses all primary language students from the academic year 2023 as its sample. A multistage sampling method was employed for sample selection. The study introduced ST as an intervention over eight 45-minute sessions spanning two months. Data collection instruments included AE assessments adapted from Fredericks et al., an AS questionnaire developed by the researchers, and an AP questionnaire designed by Pham and Taylor. Data analysis incorporated statistical tests such as the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Levene test, and univariate analysis of covariance. The findings yield valuable insights into the impact of ST on AE, AS, and AP, shedding light on its potential advantages and limitations in language learning. Notably, the experimental group (EG) outperformed the control group (CG). These results contribute to the growing body of knowledge concerning ST integration in education and its consequences on AP and learner attitudes. Ultimately, this research aims to provide evidence-based recommendations for enhancing language learning outcomes and experiences among elementary English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students in the digital education era.
智能设备在教育环境中的普及促使人们需要研究它们对学习者态度和语言学习成果的影响。智能技术(ST)的最新进展引发了人们对其对小学生英语学习者的学术积极性(AE)、(AS)和学业成绩(AP)的影响的好奇心。尽管如此,在这一领域仍缺乏全面的讨论。本研究以 2023 学年的所有小学语言学生为样本。采用多阶段抽样方法进行样本选择。研究将 ST 作为一种干预措施,在两个月内进行了八次 45 分钟的课程。数据收集工具包括弗雷德里克斯等人改编的 AE 评估、研究人员开发的 AS 问卷以及 Pham 和 Taylor 设计的 AP 问卷。数据分析采用了统计检验,如柯尔莫哥洛夫-斯米尔诺夫检验、莱文检验和单变量协方差分析。研究结果深入了解了 ST 对 AE、AS 和 AP 的影响,揭示了它在语言学习中的潜在优势和局限性。值得注意的是,实验组(EG)的表现优于对照组(CG)。这些结果为 ST 在教育中的整合及其对 AP 和学习者态度的影响的日益增长的知识体系做出了贡献。最终,本研究旨在为提高小学英语作为外语(EFL)学生在数字教育时代的语言学习成果和体验提供基于证据的建议。