School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India.
School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India.
Environ Res. 2024 Aug 15;255:119141. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119141. Epub 2024 May 14.
The increasing air pollution in the urban atmosphere is adversely impacts the environment, climate and human health. The alarming degradation of air quality, atmospheric conditions, economy and human life due to air pollution needs significant in-depth studies to ascertain causes, contributions and impacts for developing and implementing an effective policy to combat these issues. This work lies in its multifaceted approach towards comprehensive understanding and mitigating severe pollution episodes in Delhi and its surrounding areas. We investigated the aerosol dynamics in the post-monsoon season (PMS) from 2019 to 2022 under the influence of both crop residue burning and meteorological conditions. The study involves a broad spectrum of factors, including PM2.5 concentrations, active fire events, and meteorological parameters, shedding light on previously unexplored studies. The average AOD550 (0.79) and PM2.5 concentration (140.12 μg/m³) were the highest in 2019. PM2.5 was higher from mid-October to mid-November each year, exceeding the WHO guideline of 15 μg/m³ (24 h) by 27-34 times, signifying a public health emergency. A moderate to strong correlation between PM2.5 and AOD was found (r = 0.65) in 2021. The hotspot region accounts for almost 50% (2019), 47.51% (2020), 57.91% (2021) and 36.61% (2022) of the total fire events. A statistically significant negative non-linear correlation (r) was observed between wind speed (WS) and both AOD and PM2.5 concentration, influencing air quality over the region. HYSPLIT model and Windrose result show the movement of air masses predominated from the North and North-West direction during PMS. This study suggest to promotes strategies such as alternative waste management, encouraging modern agricultural practices in hot-spot regions, and enforcing strict emission norms for industries and vehicles to reducing air pollution and its detrimental effects on public health in the region and also highlights the need for future possibilities of research to attract the global attention.
城市大气中的空气污染日益加剧，对环境、气候和人类健康产生不利影响。空气质量、大气条件、经济和人类生活因空气污染而惊人恶化，需要进行深入研究，以确定原因、贡献和影响，从而制定和实施有效政策来应对这些问题。这项工作从多方面入手，全面了解和减轻德里及其周边地区的严重污染事件。我们研究了后季风季节（PMS）期间（2019 年至 2022 年）在农作物残茬燃烧和气象条件影响下的气溶胶动力学。该研究涉及广泛的因素，包括 PM2.5 浓度、活跃火灾事件和气象参数，揭示了以前未被探索的研究。平均 AOD550（0.79）和 PM2.5 浓度（140.12μg/m³）在 2019 年最高。每年 10 月中旬至 11 月中旬 PM2.5 浓度较高，超过世界卫生组织（WHO）规定的 15μg/m³（24 小时）标准 27-34 倍，表明存在公共卫生紧急情况。2021 年发现 PM2.5 和 AOD 之间存在中度至强相关性（r=0.65）。热点地区占总火灾事件的近 50%（2019 年）、47.51%（2020 年）、57.91%（2021 年）和 36.61%（2022 年）。风速（WS）与 AOD 和 PM2.5 浓度之间存在显著的负非线性相关（r），影响该地区的空气质量。HYSPLIT 模型和风向玫瑰图结果表明，后季风季节期间空气团主要从北方和西北方向移动。本研究建议采取替代废物管理、鼓励热点地区采用现代农业实践以及对工业和车辆实施严格排放规范等策略，以减少空气污染及其对该地区公众健康的不利影响，并强调需要开展未来的研究工作，以引起全球关注。
