Research Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhanjiang, 524000, China.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2024 Jul;150:109635. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109635. Epub 2024 May 14.
The present study explored the effects of different lipid sources on growth performance, lipid deposition, antioxidant capacity, inflammatory response and disease resistance of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Four isonitrogenous (crude protein 50.46 %) and isolipidic (crude lipid 11.12 %) diets were formulated to contain 7 % of different oil sources including fish oil (FO) (control), soybean oil (SO), linseed oil (LO) and coconut oil (CO). Largemouth bass with initial body weight of 36.0 ± 0.2 g were randomly distributed into 12 tanks, with 30 fish per tank and 3 tanks per treatment. The fish were fed with the experiment diets twice daily for 8 weeks. The results indicated that the weight gain of largemouth bass fed the FO diet was significantly higher than that of fish fed the LO and CO diets. The liver crude lipid content in FO group was significantly higher than other groups, while the highest liver triglyceride content was showed in SO group and the lowest was detected in LO group. At transcriptional level, expression of lipogenesis related genes (pparγ, srebp1, fas, acc, dgat1 and dgat2) in the SO and CO group were significantly higher than the FO group. However, the expression of lipolysis and fatty acids oxidation related genes (pparα, cpt1, and aco) in vegetable oils groups were significantly higher than the FO group. As to the antioxidant capacity, vegetable oils significantly reduced the malondialdehyde content of largemouth bass. Total antioxidant capacity in the SO and LO groups were significantly increased compared with the FO group. Catalase in the LO group was significantly increased compared with the FO group. Furthermore, the ER stress related genes, such as grp78, atf6α, atf6β, chop and xbp1 were significantly enhanced in the vegetable oil groups compared with the FO group. The activity of serum lysozyme in vegetable oil groups were significantly higher than in FO group. Additionally, the relative expression of non-specific immune related genes, including tlr2, mapk11, mapk13, mapk14, rela, tgf-β1, tnfα, 5lox, il-1β and il10, were all significantly increased in SO and CO groups compared to the other groups. In conclusion, based on the indexes including growth performance, lipid deposition, antioxidant capacity and inflammatory response, SO and LO could be alternative oil sources for largemouth bass.
本研究探讨了不同脂质源对大口黑鲈（Micropterus salmoides）生长性能、脂质沉积、抗氧化能力、炎症反应和抗病能力的影响。配制了四种等氮（粗蛋白 50.46%）和等脂（粗脂 11.12%）的饲料，分别含有 7%的不同油源，包括鱼油（FO）（对照）、大豆油（SO）、亚麻籽油（LO）和椰子油（CO）。初始体重为 36.0±0.2g 的大口黑鲈随机分配到 12 个水族箱中，每个水族箱 30 条鱼，每个处理 3 个水族箱。鱼每天分两次投喂实验饲料，共 8 周。结果表明，投喂 FO 饲料的大口黑鲈的增重率显著高于投喂 LO 和 CO 饲料的鱼。FO 组肝粗脂肪含量显著高于其他组，而 SO 组肝甘油三酯含量最高，LO 组最低。在转录水平上，SO 和 CO 组的脂肪生成相关基因（pparγ、srebp1、fas、acc、dgat1 和 dgat2）的表达显著高于 FO 组。然而，植物油脂组的脂肪分解和脂肪酸氧化相关基因（pparα、cpt1 和 aco）的表达显著高于 FO 组。就抗氧化能力而言，植物油脂显著降低了大口黑鲈的丙二醛含量。与 FO 组相比，SO 和 LO 组的总抗氧化能力显著增加。与 FO 组相比，LO 组的过氧化氢酶显著增加。此外，与内质网应激相关的基因，如 grp78、atf6α、atf6β、chop 和 xbp1，在植物油脂组中显著高于 FO 组。与 FO 组相比，植物油脂组的血清溶菌酶活性显著升高。此外，非特异性免疫相关基因（包括 tlr2、mapk11、mapk13、mapk14、rela、tgf-β1、tnfα、5lox、il-1β 和 il10）的相对表达在 SO 和 CO 组中均显著高于其他组。总之，基于生长性能、脂质沉积、抗氧化能力和炎症反应等指标，SO 和 LO 可以作为大口黑鲈的替代油脂来源。
