University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Białowieża Geobotanical Station, Sportowa 19, 17-230, Białowieża, Poland.
University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Białowieża Geobotanical Station, Sportowa 19, 17-230, Białowieża, Poland.
Environ Pollut. 2024 Jul 15;353:124152. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124152. Epub 2024 May 14.
Numerous edible mushrooms accumulate Potentially Toxic Elements (PTE), such as cadmium, mercury, and lead, within their sporocarps. This accumulation poses a potential risk of poisoning for humans and is influenced by factors such as the mushroom species, type of element, and the level of industrialization in the region. In our study, we investigated how soil and tree stand characteristics, including C/N ratio, pH, tree diversity, canopy cover, and the proportion of deciduous trees, influence PTE concentration in mushrooms. We collected edible mushrooms from 20 plots situated in the Białowieża Primeval Forest, one of Europe's best-preserved lowland forests. Plots varied in terms of tree species composition, with other factors minimized. We used ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry) technique to analyze the concentration of eight PTE (Ag, As, Cd, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sr, Tl) in eight edible mushroom species (M.procera, L.perlatum, R. butyracea, R.cyanoxantha, R.heterophylla, L.vellereus, A.mellea, and Xerocomellus chrysenteron). Our research revealed that the presence of the effect of specific factors on concentration of PTE and its direction depends on mushroom species and type of PTE. The proportion of deciduous tree species and pH of the topsoil layer emerged as the most influential factors affecting PTE concentration in mushroom samples. Tree species richness in the canopy layer did not affect PTE concentration in mushrooms, except for the concentration of Pb in X. chrysenteron. We observed a consistent profile of PTE concentration in mushrooms with similar ecological roles (ectomycorrhizal, saprotrophic, parasite mushrooms) and from comparable phylogenetic affinities.
许多可食用蘑菇会在其子实体中积累潜在有毒元素（PTE），如镉、汞和铅。这种积累对人类构成了潜在的中毒风险，其受多种因素影响，包括蘑菇种类、元素类型以及所在地区的工业化程度。在我们的研究中，我们调查了土壤和林分特征，包括 C/N 比、pH 值、树种多样性、树冠覆盖度以及落叶树比例，是如何影响蘑菇中的 PTE 浓度的。我们从白俄罗斯原始森林（欧洲保存最完好的低地森林之一）的 20 个样地中采集了可食用蘑菇。样地在树种组成方面存在差异，其他因素则保持一致。我们使用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）技术分析了 8 种可食用蘑菇（M.procera、L.perlatum、R.butyracea、R.cyanoxantha、R.heterophylla、L.vellereus、A.mellea 和 Xerocomellus chrysenteron）中 8 种 PTE（Ag、As、Cd、Ni、Pb、Sb、Sr 和 Tl）的浓度。我们的研究表明，特定因素对 PTE 浓度的影响及其方向取决于蘑菇种类和 PTE 类型。落叶树种比例和表土层 pH 值是影响蘑菇样本中 PTE 浓度的最主要因素。林冠层树种丰富度除了会影响 X. chrysenteron 中 Pb 的浓度外，对蘑菇中 PTE 浓度没有影响。我们观察到具有相似生态作用（外生菌根、腐生、寄生蘑菇）和相似系统发育亲缘关系的蘑菇中 PTE 浓度具有一致的分布模式。
