Stojek Katarzyna, Krośniak Mirosław, Bobrowska-Korczak Barbara, Czortek Patryk, Decock Lucas, Scherer-Lorenzen Michael, Verbeken Annemieke, Verheyen Kris, Jaroszewicz Bogdan
University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Białowieża Geobotanical Station, Sportowa 19, Białowieża 17-230, Poland.
Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland.
J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2024 Dec;86:127534. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127534. Epub 2024 Sep 16.
The fruitbodies or sporocarps formed by mushrooms can accumulate mineral elements, such as selenium, zinc or copper, making them an important source of micronutrients essential to humans. However, the literature about environmental factors affecting mineral composition in mushrooms is scarce and limited to the ambiguous impact of soil properties and region. In our study, we investigated the effects of tree stand characteristics (tree species and tree canopy cover), understory cover, and soil properties (pH and C/N ratio of the soil) on the concentration of minerals in six edible mushroom species: Laccaria laccata, L. proxima, L. amethystina, Lepista nuda, Lycoperdon perlatum, and Calvatia excipuliformis, collected on 20 plots covered by stands of different tree species composition and varying in the understory cover. We estimated the concentration of eight elements (Zn, Se, Mg, Mn, Cu, Co, Cr, Mo) using the ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry) technique and compared their concentration between the plots, using ordination and linear regression methods. Our research revealed that mushroom species identity, including its ecological role and phylogenetic affinity, had the greatest effect on the mineral composition of mushrooms. The effect of environmental factors depended also on the micronutrient identity. Some elements were not affected at all (Co, Cr), some only by soil reaction or C/N ratio (Mn, Mg, Cu), while others were influenced by both tree stand characteristics and soil properties (Se, Zn, Mo). This knowledge enables us to maximize the content of minerals in harvested mushrooms by collecting them in specific areas. For example, mushrooms, which are sources of Se and Zn, can be gathered in coniferous forests characterized by acid soils, low canopy cover, and minimal understory cover. This targeted collection approach can effectively increase the mineral content in harvested mushrooms, thereby enhancing their health benefits.
蘑菇形成的子实体或子座能积累矿物质元素，如硒、锌或铜，使其成为人类必需的微量营养素的重要来源。然而，关于影响蘑菇矿物质组成的环境因素的文献稀缺，且仅限于土壤性质和区域的模糊影响。在我们的研究中，我们调查了林分特征（树种和树冠覆盖度）、林下植被覆盖度以及土壤性质（土壤pH值和碳氮比）对六种可食用蘑菇物种矿物质浓度的影响，这六种蘑菇分别是：乳白红菇、近红菇、紫晶红菇、裸口蘑、网纹马勃和梨形马勃，它们采自20个不同树种组成且林下植被覆盖度各异的样地。我们使用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）技术估算了八种元素（锌、硒、镁、锰、铜、钴、铬、钼）的浓度，并运用排序和线性回归方法比较了样地间这些元素的浓度。我们的研究表明，蘑菇物种特性，包括其生态作用和系统发育亲缘关系，对蘑菇的矿物质组成影响最大。环境因素的影响还取决于微量营养素的特性。一些元素完全不受影响（钴、铬），一些仅受土壤反应或碳氮比影响（锰、镁、铜），而其他元素则同时受林分特征和土壤性质影响（硒、锌、钼）。这些知识使我们能够通过在特定区域采集蘑菇来最大化收获蘑菇中的矿物质含量。例如，作为硒和锌来源的蘑菇可以在以酸性土壤、低树冠覆盖度和最小林下植被覆盖度为特征的针叶林中采集。这种有针对性的采集方法可以有效提高收获蘑菇中的矿物质含量，从而增强其对健康的益处。
