Chang Yi-Qiang, Moon Seung-Kyu, Wang Yan-Qing, Xie Liu-Ming, Cho Hang-Sul, Kim Soo-Ki
Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
Anim Biosci. 2024 Jul;37(7):1263-1276. doi: 10.5713/ab.24.0042. Epub 2024 May 7.
Pine needles are rich in many nutrients and exhibit antibacterial and antioxidant biological activities; however, the effects of different production methods of pine needle additives on the growth performance and intestinal flora of broiler chickens are not known.
Normal diets were supplemented with pine needle fermentation juice (PNF), pine needle soaking juice (PNS), or pine needle powder (PNP), and the associated effects on growth performance, relative organ weights, intestinal development, intestinal histological morphology, intestinal flora, meat quality, and serum indicators in broiler chickens were observed.
The results showed that PNF, PNS, and PNP all significantly improved feed utilisation and promoted the growth and development of broilers. All three additives also significantly improved the structure of the intestinal flora, specifically increasing the diversity of bacteria; increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Faecalibacterium, Rikenella, and Blautia; and decreasing the abundance of harmful bacteria, such as Staphylococcus. The antioxidant properties of pine needles were also found to intensify lipid metabolic reactions in the blood, thus leading to lower triglycerides and total cholesterol. Meanwhile, high doses of PNF reduced jejunum and ileum weights and also increased meat yellowness. Lastly, none of PNF, PNS, or PNP had an effect on relative organ weights or intestinal histological morphology.
The addition of pine needles to the diet of broiler chickens can effectively promote their growth performance as well as improve their intestinal flora and serum status without side effects; in particular, the dose of 0.2% of either PNF and PNS is expected to have the capacity to replace growth-promoting antibiotics as diet additives.
松针富含多种营养成分，具有抗菌和抗氧化生物活性；然而，不同生产方式的松针添加剂对肉鸡生长性能和肠道菌群的影响尚不清楚。
在正常日粮中添加松针发酵汁（PNF）、松针浸泡汁（PNS）或松针粉（PNP），观察其对肉鸡生长性能、相对器官重量、肠道发育、肠道组织形态、肠道菌群、肉质和血清指标的相关影响。
结果表明，PNF、PNS和PNP均显著提高了饲料利用率，促进了肉鸡的生长发育。这三种添加剂还显著改善了肠道菌群结构，具体表现为增加了细菌多样性；增加了有益菌的丰度，如粪杆菌属、理研菌属和布劳特氏菌属；降低了有害菌的丰度，如葡萄球菌属。还发现松针的抗氧化特性增强了血液中的脂质代谢反应，从而导致甘油三酯和总胆固醇降低。同时，高剂量的PNF降低了空肠和回肠重量，还增加了肉的黄度。最后，PNF、PNS或PNP均对相对器官重量或肠道组织形态没有影响。
在肉鸡日粮中添加松针可有效促进其生长性能，改善肠道菌群和血清状况且无副作用；特别是，PNF和PNS 0.2%的剂量有望作为日粮添加剂替代促生长抗生素。
