Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA.
EMEA Medical Affairs, Janssen-Cilag, Portugal.
J Atten Disord. 2024 Aug;28(10):1347-1356. doi: 10.1177/10870547241251738. Epub 2024 May 16.
Our study examined the impact of sex, ADHD subtype, and comorbid illnesses (depression/anxiety) on the timing of diagnosis and treatment for ADHD.
To analyze ADHD patients, four health databases were used to assess subtype, comorbid mood, and antidepressant or anxiolytic drug exposure. Analyses were stratified by sex and age. Standardized mean differences measured intergroup differences.
Females with ADHD were identified at older ages and had higher rates of depression and anxiety diagnoses and treatments before and after their initial ADHD diagnosis. Predominantly inattentive ADHD patients were diagnosed later and more likely to receive mood disorder diagnosis and treatment than hyperactive impulsive ADHD patients.
Results suggest a more complex ADHD presentation in females, potentially causing late diagnosis and delayed treatment.
本研究考察了性别、ADHD 亚型和共病（抑郁/焦虑）对 ADHD 诊断和治疗时机的影响。
为了分析 ADHD 患者，我们使用了四个健康数据库来评估亚型、共病情绪以及抗抑郁药或抗焦虑药的使用情况。分析按照性别和年龄进行分层。标准化均数差用于衡量组间差异。
患有 ADHD 的女性年龄较大，并且在首次 ADHD 诊断前后，其抑郁和焦虑诊断和治疗的发生率更高。与多动冲动型 ADHD 患者相比，以注意力不集中为主型 ADHD 患者的诊断时间更晚，更有可能被诊断为情绪障碍并接受治疗。
结果表明女性 ADHD 的表现更为复杂，可能导致诊断延迟和治疗延迟。
