International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 99199-91766, Iran.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2024 May 17;14(1):11289. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-62142-8.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) can be determined and quantified using the electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis. Identification of the risk factors associated with ECG abnormalities may advise prevention approaches to decrease CVD burden. In this study we aimed to investigate the association between CVD risk factors and minor and major ECG abnormalities in a general Iranian adult population. This study was conducted in 2010 and covered a population of 9035 males and females aged 35 to 65 years recruiting from the phase I of Mashhad Stroke and Heart Atherosclerotic Disorder (MASHAD) cohort study. The participants were drawn by a stratified cluster random sampling technique. The Bivariate and multinomial logistic regression analysis were conducted considering gender stratification to explore the association of ECG abnormalities with traditional cardiovascular risk factors. There was a significant association between minor and major ECG abnormalities and hypertension (HTN), type 2 diabetes (T2DM), smoking, and physical activity (p < 0.005). There was a significant trend, in both genders, for increasing major abnormalities as the number of CVD risk factors increased. But, only in women, the minor abnormalities increase in frequency as the number of CVD risk factors increased. The results of multinomial logistic regression showed that men with HTN [ARRR = 1.25, 95% CI 0.99, 1.57] and T2DM [ARRR = 1.31, 95% CI 0.99, 1.74] had the highest likelihood to have major abnormalities, although these are not statistically significant. For women, those with HTN had the highest likelihood to have major [ARRR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.13, 1.63] and minor [ARRR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.15, 1.58] abnormalities. Also, women aged > 60 years were more likely to have major [ARRR = 2.01, 95% CI 1.49, 2.74] and minor [ARRR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.20, 2.10] abnormalities compared to women aged < 45 years. Age and HTN were significantly associated with major and minor ECG abnormalities in women, and, on the other hand, HTN and T2DM were associated with major abnormalities in men. Taken together, these findings suggest that healthcare providers should advise preventive approaches to the asymptomatic adults with both major and minor electrocardiographic abnormalities that may predict cardiovascular risk.
心血管疾病 (CVD) 可以通过心电图 (ECG) 分析来确定和量化。识别与心电图异常相关的危险因素可以为降低 CVD 负担提供预防方法。在这项研究中，我们旨在研究伊朗一般成年人群中 CVD 危险因素与小和大 ECG 异常之间的关系。本研究于 2010 年进行，涵盖了来自马什哈德中风和心脏动脉粥样硬化障碍 (MASHAD) 队列研究 I 期的 9035 名 35 至 65 岁的男性和女性。参与者通过分层聚类随机抽样技术抽取。考虑到性别分层，进行了双变量和多项逻辑回归分析，以探讨心电图异常与传统心血管危险因素的关系。小和大 ECG 异常与高血压 (HTN)、2 型糖尿病 (T2DM)、吸烟和体力活动显著相关（p<0.005）。在两性中，随着 CVD 危险因素数量的增加，大异常的数量呈显著增加趋势。但是，只有女性的小异常随着 CVD 危险因素数量的增加而增加。多项逻辑回归的结果表明，患有 HTN 的男性[ARR 比 1.25，95%置信区间 0.99，1.57]和 T2DM [ARR 比 1.31，95%置信区间 0.99，1.74]有最大的可能性出现大异常，尽管这些结果没有统计学意义。对于女性，患有 HTN 的女性发生大异常的可能性最大[ARR 比 1.36，95%置信区间 1.13，1.63]和小异常[ARR 比 1.35，95%置信区间 1.15，1.58]。此外，年龄>60 岁的女性比年龄<45 岁的女性更容易出现大异常[ARR 比 2.01，95%置信区间 1.49，2.74]和小异常[ARR 比 1.59，95%置信区间 1.20，2.10]。年龄和 HTN 与女性的大异常和小异常均显著相关，另一方面，HTN 和 T2DM 与男性的大异常相关。总之，这些发现表明，医疗保健提供者应该向有大或小心电图异常的无症状成年人提供预防措施，这些异常可能预示着心血管风险。
