Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
Sci Rep. 2024 May 17;14(1):11279. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-62039-6.
The detrimental effects of smoking are multisystemic and its effects on the eye health are significant. Smoking is a strong risk factor for age-related nuclear cataract, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, delayed corneal epithelial healing and increased risk of cystoid macular edema in patients with intermediate uveitis among others. We aimed to characterize the aqueous humor (AH) proteome in chronic smokers to gain insight into its perturbations and to identify potential biomarkers for smoking-associated ocular pathologies. Compared to the control group, chronic smokers displayed 67 (37 upregulated, 30 downregulated) differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Analysis of DEPs from the biological point of view revealed that they were proteins involved in complement activation, lymphocyte mediated immunity, innate immune response, cellular oxidant detoxification, bicarbonate transport and platelet degranulation. From the molecular function point of view, DEPs were involved in oxygen binding, oxygen carrier activity, hemoglobin binding, peptidase/endopeptidase/cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitory activity. Several of the upregulated proteins were acute phase reactant proteins such as clusterin, alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein, fibrinogen, alpha-1-antitrypsin, C4b-binding protein and serum amyloid A-2. Further research should confirm if these proteins might serve as biomarkers or therapeutic target for smoking-associated ocular diseases.
吸烟的有害影响是多系统的，它对眼睛健康的影响是显著的。吸烟是导致年龄相关性核性白内障、年龄相关性黄斑变性、青光眼、延迟角膜上皮愈合和中间葡萄膜炎患者发生囊样黄斑水肿风险增加的一个强烈危险因素。我们旨在描述慢性吸烟者的房水（AH）蛋白质组，以深入了解其干扰，并确定与吸烟相关的眼部病变的潜在生物标志物。与对照组相比，慢性吸烟者显示出 67 种（37 种上调，30 种下调）差异表达蛋白（DEPs）。从生物学角度分析 DEPs 表明它们是参与补体激活、淋巴细胞介导的免疫、先天免疫反应、细胞氧化剂解毒、碳酸氢盐转运和血小板脱颗粒的蛋白质。从分子功能角度来看，DEPs 参与氧结合、氧载体活性、血红蛋白结合、肽酶/内肽酶/半胱氨酸型内肽酶抑制活性。一些上调的蛋白质是急性相反应蛋白，如簇蛋白、α-2-HS-糖蛋白、纤维蛋白原、α-1-抗胰蛋白酶、C4b 结合蛋白和血清淀粉样蛋白 A-2。进一步的研究应该证实这些蛋白质是否可以作为与吸烟相关的眼部疾病的生物标志物或治疗靶点。
