Department Research & Innovation, OptiMedis AG, Burchardstraße 17, 20095, Hamburg, Germany.
Faculty of Management, Economics and Society, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany.
BMC Prim Care. 2024 May 17;25(1):168. doi: 10.1186/s12875-024-02375-8.
The PaRIS survey, an initiative of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), aims to assess health systems performance in delivering primary care by measuring the care experiences and outcomes of people over 45 who used primary care services in the past six months. In addition, linked data from primary care practices are collected to analyse how the organisation of primary care practices and their care processes impact care experiences and outcomes. This article describes the development and validation of the primary care practice questionnaire for the PaRIS survey, the PaRIS-PCPQ.
The PaRIS-PCPQ was developed based on domains of primary care practice and professional characteristics included in the PaRIS conceptual framework. Questionnaire development was conducted in four phases: (1) a multi-step consensus-based development of the source questionnaire, (2) translation of the English source questionnaire into 17 languages, (3) cross-national cognitive testing with primary care professionals in participating countries, and (4) cross-national field-testing.
70 items were selected from 7 existing questionnaires on primary care characteristics, of which 49 were included in a first draft. Feedback from stakeholders resulted in a modified 34-item version (practice profile, care coordination, chronic care management, patient follow-up, and respondent characteristics) designed to be completed online by medical or non-medical staff working in a primary care practice. Cognitive testing led to changes in the source questionnaire as well as to country specific localisations. The resulting 32-item questionnaire was piloted in an online survey and field test. Data from 540 primary care practices from 17 countries were collected and analysed. Final revision resulted in a 34-item questionnaire.
The cross-national development of a primary care practice questionnaire is challenging due to the differences in care delivery systems. Rigorous translation and cognitive testing as well as stakeholder engagement helped to overcome most challenges. The PaRIS-PCPQ will be used to assess how key characteristics of primary care practices relate to the care experiences and outcomes of people living with chronic conditions. As such, policymakers and care providers will be informed about the performance of primary care from the patient's perspective.
帕里斯调查是经济合作与发展组织（经合组织）的一项倡议，旨在通过衡量过去六个月内使用初级保健服务的 45 岁以上人群的护理体验和结果，评估提供初级保健的卫生系统绩效。此外，还收集初级保健实践的相关数据，以分析初级保健实践的组织及其护理流程如何影响护理体验和结果。本文介绍了帕里斯调查中初级保健实践问卷的开发和验证，即帕里斯初级保健实践问卷（PaRIS-PCPQ）。
PaRIS-PCPQ 是基于帕里斯概念框架中包含的初级保健实践领域和专业特征开发的。问卷的开发分四个阶段进行：（1）基于共识的多步骤源问卷开发；（2）将英文源问卷翻译成 17 种语言；（3）在参与国家/地区对初级保健专业人员进行跨国认知测试；（4）跨国实地测试。
从 7 种现有的初级保健特征问卷中选择了 70 个项目，其中 49 个项目被纳入初步草案。利益相关者的反馈导致了一个修改后的 34 项版本（实践概况、护理协调、慢性病管理、患者随访和受访者特征），旨在由在初级保健实践中工作的医疗或非医疗人员在线完成。认知测试导致源问卷以及国家/地区特定本地化发生了变化。由此产生的 32 项问卷在在线调查和实地测试中进行了试点。从 17 个国家/地区的 540 个初级保健实践中收集和分析了数据。最终修订版产生了一个 34 项问卷。
由于医疗服务提供系统的差异，跨国开发初级保健实践问卷具有挑战性。严格的翻译和认知测试以及利益相关者的参与有助于克服大多数挑战。PaRIS-PCPQ 将用于评估初级保健实践的关键特征如何与患有慢性病的人群的护理体验和结果相关。因此，政策制定者和护理提供者将从患者的角度了解初级保健的绩效。
