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2021 年美国在美沙酮戒毒服务获取方面的地域和种族/民族差异。

Geographic and Racial/Ethnic Differences in Access to Methamphetamine Detoxification Services, United States, 2021.

机构信息

Health Behavior and Health Education, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR.

Southern Public Health and Criminal Justice Research Center, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR.

出版信息

Med Care. 2024 Jul 1;62(7):464-472. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000002013. Epub 2024 May 15.


DOI:10.1097/MLR.0000000000002013
PMID:38761164
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11834168/
Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Methamphetamine detoxification before entering formal and longer term treatment may have a positive impact on treatment retention and success. Understanding geographic distribution of methamphetamine specialty detox services and differential access by race/ethnicity is critical for establishing policies that ensure equitable access across populations. METHODS: We used the Mental health and Addiction Treatment Tracking Repository to identify treatment facilities that offered any substance use detoxification in 2021 (N=2346) as well as the census block group in which they were located. We sourced data from the US Census Bureau to identify the percentage of a census block group that was White, Black, and Hispanic. We used logistic regression to model the availability of methamphetamine-specific detox, predicted by the percentage of a block group that was Black and Hispanic. We adjusted for relevant covariates and defined state as a random effect. We calculated model-based predicted probabilities. RESULTS: Over half (60%) of detox facilities offered additional detox services specifically for methamphetamine. Sixteen states had <10 methamphetamine-specific detox facilities. The predicted probability of methamphetamine-specific detox availability was 60% in census block groups with 0%-9% Black residents versus only 46% in census block groups with 90%-100% Black residents, and was 61% in census block groups with 0%-9% Hispanic residents versus 30% in census block groups with 90%-100% Hispanic residents. CONCLUSIONS: During an unprecedented national methamphetamine crisis, access to a critical health care service was disproportionately lower in communities that were predominately Black and Hispanic. We orient our findings around a discussion of health disparities, residential segregation, and the upstream causes of the systematic exclusion of minoritized communities from health care.

摘要

简介:在进入正规和长期治疗之前进行冰毒戒毒治疗可能会对治疗保留率和成功率产生积极影响。了解冰毒专科戒毒服务的地域分布情况以及不同种族/族裔的差异获得情况,对于制定确保所有人群都能公平获得服务的政策至关重要。

方法:我们使用心理健康和成瘾治疗跟踪资源库来识别 2021 年提供任何物质使用戒毒治疗的治疗设施(N=2346)以及它们所在的普查小区组。我们从美国人口普查局获取数据,以确定普查小区组中白人、黑人、西班牙裔的比例。我们使用逻辑回归来模拟由普查小区组中黑人和西班牙裔的比例预测的冰毒专用戒毒治疗的可用性。我们调整了相关协变量,并将州定义为随机效应。我们计算了基于模型的预测概率。

结果:超过一半(60%)的戒毒设施提供了专门针对冰毒的额外戒毒服务。16 个州的冰毒专用戒毒设施不足 10 个。在黑人居民比例为 0%-9%的普查小区组中,冰毒专用戒毒治疗的可用性预测概率为 60%,而在黑人居民比例为 90%-100%的普查小区组中,这一概率仅为 46%;在西班牙裔居民比例为 0%-9%的普查小区组中,冰毒专用戒毒治疗的可用性预测概率为 61%,而在西班牙裔居民比例为 90%-100%的普查小区组中,这一概率仅为 30%。

结论:在全国范围内前所未有的冰毒危机期间,在以黑人和西班牙裔为主的社区中,获得这一关键医疗服务的机会不成比例地减少。我们围绕健康差异、居住隔离以及导致少数族裔社区被系统排除在医疗保健之外的上游原因展开讨论。

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本文引用的文献

[1]
The fourth wave of the overdose crisis: Examining the prominent role of psychomotor stimulants with and without fentanyl.

Prev Med. 2023-11

[2]
Opioid and stimulant attributed treatment admissions and fatal overdoses: Using national surveillance data to examine the intersection of race, sex, and polysubstance use, 1992-2020.

Drug Alcohol Depend. 2023-8-1

[3]
Patterns in Geographic Distribution of Substance Use Disorder Treatment Facilities in the US and Accepted Forms of Payment From 2010 to 2021.

JAMA Netw Open. 2022-11-1

[4]
Increases in methamphetamine injection among treatment admissions in the U.S.

Addict Behav. 2023-1

[5]
Association of Methamphetamine and Opioid Use With Nonfatal Overdose in Rural Communities.

JAMA Netw Open. 2022-8-1

[6]
"Complexity, safety and challenges: Emergency responders' experience of people affected by methamphetamines".

Nurs Health Sci. 2022-9

[7]
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J Addict Med.

[8]
Demographic and geographic shifts in the preferred route of methamphetamine administration among treatment cases in the US, 2010-2019.

Drug Alcohol Depend. 2022-8-1

[9]
Downward National Trends in Mental Health Treatment Offered in Spanish: State Differences by Proportion of Hispanic Residents.

Psychiatr Serv. 2022-11-1

[10]
A qualitative examination of recent increases in methamphetamine use in a cohort of rural people who use drugs.

Drug Alcohol Depend. 2021-12-1

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