Department of Human Development and Family Studies and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16801, USA; Consortium for Substance Use and Addiction, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16801, USA.
Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2023 Aug 1;249:109946. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109946. Epub 2023 Jun 20.
We use national surveillance data to evaluate race/ethnicity by sex/gender differences and trends in substance use treatment admissions and overdose deaths involving opioid and stimulant use.
We used data (1992-2019) from the Treatment Episode Dataset-Admissions to identify treatment admissions and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (1999-2020) to identify overdose deaths. We assessed treatment admissions and related drug overdose deaths per 100,000 adults by sex and race/ethnicity for opioid and stimulant groups: cocaine, opioid, methamphetamines, cocaine and opioid use, cocaine and methamphetamines, and opioid and methamphetamines.
We found significant variations in treatment admissions and deaths by race/ethnicity and sex/gender. Cocaine-related treatment admissions and deaths were most prevalent among Non-Hispanic Black individuals over the study years, yet lower rates were evident among individuals from other racial/ethnic groups. Notably, Non-Hispanic Black men experienced larger increases in cocaine-only admissions than men of other racial/ethnic groups between 1992 and 2019. Men had higher opioid and stimulant treatment admissions and overdose deaths than women. We observed skyrocketing methamphetamine deaths among American Indian/Native Alaskan men and women from 1992 to 2019.
Steep increases in overdose deaths fueled by methamphetamines among Non-Hispanic Native Americans and cocaine among Non-Hispanic Black individuals suggest a need for more effective interventions to curb stimulant use. Variations by race/ethnicity and sex/gender also suggest interventions should be developed through an intersectionality lens.
我们利用国家监测数据，评估性别/性别差异和阿片类药物和兴奋剂使用导致的物质使用治疗入院和过量死亡方面的种族/民族趋势。
我们使用治疗事件数据集-入院数据（1992-2019 年）来识别治疗入院情况，以及疾病控制与预防中心的广泛在线数据进行流行病学研究（1999-2020 年）来识别过量死亡情况。我们评估了阿片类药物和兴奋剂组（可卡因、阿片类药物、冰毒、可卡因和阿片类药物使用、可卡因和冰毒、阿片类药物和冰毒）中每 10 万名成年人的治疗入院情况和相关药物过量死亡情况。
我们发现种族/民族和性别/性别方面的治疗入院和死亡存在显著差异。在研究期间，与可卡因相关的治疗入院和死亡在非西班牙裔黑人中最为普遍，但在其他种族/族裔群体中则较低。值得注意的是，非西班牙裔黑人男性在 1992 年至 2019 年间可卡因单一用药入院人数的增幅大于其他种族/族裔群体的男性。男性的阿片类药物和兴奋剂治疗入院和过量死亡人数高于女性。我们观察到，1992 年至 2019 年间，美国印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民男性和女性的冰毒死亡人数急剧上升。
受阿片类药物影响的非西班牙裔美国原住民和可卡因影响的非西班牙裔黑人过量死亡人数的急剧增加表明，需要采取更有效的干预措施来遏制兴奋剂的使用。种族/民族和性别/性别方面的差异也表明，应该通过交叉视角来制定干预措施。
