Vortex of regret: How positive and negative coping strategies correlate with feelings of guilt.

Bad coping behavior and guilt may reinforce each other as a negative feedback loop. Social contexts and expectations may also create cognitive dissonance in coping individuals and affect the effectiveness of coping styles. This study examines the associations between the feeling of guilt and specific coping styles belonging to both groups of positive and negative coping styles. We conducted Bayesian Multiple Regression analyses on secondary data from 3784 high school students in China. Positive coping is associated more with reduced feelings of guilt compared to negative coping. However, some positive coping styles were found to be positively associated with a sense of guilt, especially those involving confrontation against or conformity to social expectations. Most negative coping styles are positively associated with guilt, and substance use has the strongest influence among the examined negative coping styles. The findings suggest that the consideration of sociocultural contexts is very important in supporting those with guilt issues, especially adolescents in societies with dominant traditional East Asian values.