Lai James, Rigas Yannis, Kantor Nicole, Cohen Noah, Tomlinson Ana, St Leger Anthony J, Galor Anat
Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Expert Rev Ophthalmol. 2024;19(2):89-103. doi: 10.1080/17469899.2024.2306582. Epub 2024 Feb 4.
Microbiome research has grown exponentially but the ocular surface microbiome (OSM) remains an area in need of further study. This review aims to explore its complexity, disease-related microbial changes, and immune interactions, and highlights the potential for its manipulation as a therapeutic for ocular surface diseases.
We introduce the OSM by location and describe what constitutes a normal OSM. Second, we highlight aspects of the ocular immune system and discuss potential immune microbiome interactions in health and disease. Finally, we highlight how microbiome manipulation may have therapeutic potential for ocular surface diseases.
The ocular surface microbiome varies across its different regions, with a core phyla identified, but with genus variability. A few studies have linked microbiome composition to diseases like dry eye but more research is needed, including examining microbiome interactions with the host. Studies have noted that manipulating the microbiome may impact disease presentation. As such, microbiome manipulation via diet, oral and topical pre and probiotics, and hygienic measures may provide new therapeutic algorithms in ocular surface diseases.
微生物组研究呈指数级增长，但眼表微生物组（OSM）仍是一个需要进一步研究的领域。本综述旨在探讨其复杂性、与疾病相关的微生物变化以及免疫相互作用，并强调其作为眼表疾病治疗手段进行调控的潜力。
我们按位置介绍眼表微生物组，并描述构成正常眼表微生物组的要素。其次，我们强调眼免疫系统的各个方面，并讨论健康和疾病状态下潜在的免疫微生物组相互作用。最后，我们强调微生物组调控如何可能对眼表疾病具有治疗潜力。
眼表微生物组在其不同区域存在差异，已确定了核心门类，但属水平存在变异性。一些研究已将微生物组组成与干眼症等疾病联系起来，但仍需要更多研究，包括研究微生物组与宿主的相互作用。研究指出，调控微生物组可能会影响疾病表现。因此，通过饮食、口服和局部使用益生元和益生菌以及卫生措施来调控微生物组，可能会为眼表疾病提供新的治疗方案。
