Ill-Raga Marta
Department of Conflict and Development Studies, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.
Leg Plur Crit Soc Anal. 2024 Feb 1;56(1):83-107. doi: 10.1080/27706869.2024.2310363. eCollection 2024.
In the past decade, rental housing has emerged as a new field of financialization, highlighting the importance of rent to understanding contemporary urban dynamics. Despite rental markets expressing juridical relations, empirical research on the articulations between law and rent is absent in the existing literature. In light of critical legal approaches, the paper addresses this gap through an ethnographic exploration of conflictual residential rent relations in Barcelona. The paper argues that contracts are not only legal objects crucial for the existence and articulation of rent, but their constant opening and closing, enabled by property law, result in both judicial and invisible evictions, which increase tenant turnover, thus securing incremental rental-based streams. The contract disobedience strategy enacted by the tenant movement in Barcelona has exposed how contracts are tools of domination and poses a critique of the political and legal doctrine of the 'freedom of contract'. This mobilisation has simultaneously articulated a political demand for implementing rent controls, which are placed in a broader, gradually emerging legal countermovement to protect habitation that finds its epitome in parliamentary debates and legislative processes.
在过去十年中，租赁住房已成为金融化的一个新领域，凸显了租金对于理解当代城市动态的重要性。尽管租赁市场体现了法律关系，但现有文献中缺乏关于法律与租金之间关系的实证研究。鉴于批判性法律方法，本文通过对巴塞罗那冲突性住宅租赁关系的人种志探索来填补这一空白。本文认为，合同不仅是租金存在和形成的关键法律对象，而且在财产法的作用下，合同的不断订立和解除导致了司法驱逐和无形驱逐，这增加了租户更替率，从而确保了基于租金的增量收入流。巴塞罗那租户运动实施的合同违抗策略揭示了合同是如何成为统治工具的，并对“合同自由”的政治和法律学说提出了批判。这种动员同时表达了实施租金管制的政治诉求，租金管制被置于一个更广泛的、逐渐兴起的保护居住权的法律反击运动中，这一运动在议会辩论和立法过程中达到了顶峰。
