Roberts Henrietta, Schreiner Mindy Westlund, Pocius Stephanie, Dillahunt Alina K, Farstead Brian, Feldman Daniel, Bessette Katie L, Kaufman Erin A, Slattery Will, Jacobs Rachel H, Jago David, Crowell Sheila E, Watkins Edward R, Langenecker Scott A
Mood Disorders Centre, School of Psychology, Sir Henry Wellcome Building for Mood Disorders Research, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4LN, UK.
University of Utah, USA.
J Affect Disord Rep. 2024 Apr;16. doi: 10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100729. Epub 2024 Jan 10.
Trait rumination is a habitual response to negative experiences that can emerge during adolescence, increasing risk of depression. Trait rumination is correlated with poor inhibitory control (IC) and altered default mode network (DMN) and cognitive control network (CCN) engagement. Provoking state rumination in high ruminating youth permits investigation of rumination and IC at the neural level, highlighting potential treatment targets.
Fifty-three high-ruminating youth were cued with an unresolved goal that provoked state rumination, then completed a modified Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART) that measures IC (commissions on no-go trials) in a functional MRI study. Thought probes measured state rumination about that unresolved goal and task-focused thoughts during the SART.
Greater state rumination during the SART was correlated with more IC failures. CCN engagement increased during rumination (relative to task-focus), including left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and dorsalmedial prefrontal cortex. Relative to successful response suppression, DMN engagement increased during IC failures amongst individuals with higher state and trait rumination. Exploratory analyzes suggested more bothersome unresolved goals predicted higher left DLPFC activation during rumination.
The correlational research design did not permit a direct contrast of causal accounts of the relationship between rumination and IC.
State rumination was associated with impaired IC and disrupted modulation of DMN and CCN. Increased CCN engagement during rumination suggested effortful suppression of negative thoughts, and this was greater for more bothersome unresolved goals. Relative task disengagement was observed during rumination-related errors. DMN-CCN dysregulation in high-ruminating youth may be an important treatment target.
特质性沉思是对负面经历的一种习惯性反应，可能在青春期出现，增加患抑郁症的风险。特质性沉思与抑制控制（IC）能力差以及默认模式网络（DMN）和认知控制网络（CCN）参与度的改变有关。在高沉思倾向的青少年中引发状态性沉思，有助于在神经层面研究沉思与IC，突出潜在的治疗靶点。
在一项功能磁共振成像研究中，对53名高沉思倾向的青少年给出一个未解决的目标以引发状态性沉思，然后让他们完成一项改良的持续注意力反应任务（SART），该任务用于测量IC（对禁做试验的错误反应）。思维探针测量了在SART期间对该未解决目标的状态性沉思以及专注于任务的想法。
SART期间更高的状态性沉思与更多的IC失误相关。在沉思期间（相对于专注于任务），CCN的参与度增加，包括左侧背外侧前额叶皮质和背内侧前额叶皮质。相对于成功的反应抑制，在状态性和特质性沉思程度较高的个体中，IC失误期间DMN的参与度增加。探索性分析表明，更烦人的未解决目标预测在沉思期间左侧背外侧前额叶皮质的激活更高。
相关研究设计不允许直接对比沉思与IC之间关系的因果解释。
状态性沉思与IC受损以及DMN和CCN的调节紊乱有关。沉思期间CCN参与度增加表明在努力抑制负面想法，对于更烦人的未解决目标，这种抑制作用更强。在与沉思相关的错误期间观察到相对的任务脱离。高沉思倾向青少年的DMN-CCN失调可能是一个重要的治疗靶点。
