Piirainen Virpi, Gutiérrez Ana M, Heinonen Mari, König Emilia, Valros Anna, Junnikkala Sami
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Production Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Leissantie 41, Saarentaus, FI-04920, Finland.
Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, BioVetMed Research group, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain.
Porcine Health Manag. 2024 May 21;10(1):21. doi: 10.1186/s40813-024-00368-8.
Identification of animals in need of medical treatment is important in porcine health management, where analytical samples applicable at farm level could be utilized. Several biomarkers are measurable in saliva, which is less stressful to collect than blood. Saliva sampling is easy to learn and repeatable, making it suitable for monitoring purposes. Previous research suggests that porcine health biomarkers are dependent on production stage and gender, and that combining biomarkers improves diagnostic sensitivity. However, proper monitoring of biomarkers during the complete production cycle has not been studied. We aimed to describe the dynamics of salivary and serum haptoglobin (Hp), adenosine deaminase (ADA), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) in four production stages (suckling, early growing, late growing, finishing), on commercial Finnish pig farms using a total of 117 piglets. The relationship between gender and biomarker dynamics was investigated, as well as the relationships between these biomarkers in saliva and serum.
The highest salivary concentrations of Hp, ADA and IgG were measured in suckling piglets. The differences between production stages were generally larger in saliva than for the corresponding serum biomarkers. All correlation coefficients between salivary biomarkers were positive in each production stage and the strength of the correlation varied from 0.245 to 0.762. No similar trend was observed regarding correlation coefficients either between serum biomarkers or between salivary and serum biomarkers. Gender was associated with some biomarker concentrations.
The biomarker dynamics supported previous findings that collection of analytical samples should be conducted in age-matched populations. Positive and even strong relationships between salivary biomarkers indicate the potential to use especially saliva for health monitoring. Our results also suggest the importance of considering gender effects when assessing some salivary or serum biomarkers.
在猪的健康管理中,识别需要医疗治疗的动物很重要,在此过程中可以利用适用于农场层面的分析样本。唾液中可检测到多种生物标志物,采集唾液比采集血液压力更小。唾液采样易于学习且可重复,适合用于监测目的。先前的研究表明,猪的健康生物标志物取决于生产阶段和性别,并且组合生物标志物可提高诊断敏感性。然而,尚未对整个生产周期内生物标志物的适当监测进行研究。我们旨在描述在芬兰商业猪场的四个生产阶段(哺乳、早期生长、后期生长、育肥)中,共117头仔猪唾液和血清中触珠蛋白(Hp)、腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)和免疫球蛋白G(IgG)的动态变化。研究了性别与生物标志物动态变化之间的关系,以及唾液和血清中这些生物标志物之间的关系。
哺乳仔猪唾液中Hp、ADA和IgG的浓度最高。唾液中生产阶段之间的差异通常比相应血清生物标志物的差异更大。每个生产阶段唾液生物标志物之间的所有相关系数均为正值,相关强度在0.245至0.762之间变化。血清生物标志物之间或唾液与血清生物标志物之间的相关系数未观察到类似趋势。性别与一些生物标志物浓度有关。
生物标志物动态变化支持了先前的研究结果,即分析样本的采集应在年龄匹配的群体中进行。唾液生物标志物之间呈正相关甚至强相关,这表明特别是唾液在健康监测方面具有潜在用途。我们的结果还表明,在评估某些唾液或血清生物标志物时,考虑性别影响很重要。