Aldeli Nour, Murphy Denis, Hanano Abdulsamie
Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, Al Furat University, Deir-ez-Zor, Syria.
School of Applied Sciences, University of South Wales, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom.
Front Toxicol. 2024 May 7;6:1392257. doi: 10.3389/ftox.2024.1392257. eCollection 2024.
Extensive research has been conducted to investigate the toxicological impact of dioxins on mammals, revealing profound effects on the female reproductive system in both humans and animals. Dioxin exposure significantly disrupts the intricate functions of the ovary, a pivotal organ responsible for reproductive and endocrine processes. This disruption manifests as infertility, premature ovarian failure, and disturbances in sex steroid hormone levels. Comprehensive studies, encompassing accidental human exposure and experimental animal data, have raised a wealth of information with consistent yet varied conclusion influenced by experimental factors. This review begins by providing an overarching background on the ovary, emphasizing its fundamental role in reproductive health, particularly in ovarian steroidogenesis and hormone receptor regulation. Subsequently, a detailed examination of the Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) and its role in governing ovarian function is presented. The review then outlines the sources and toxicity of dioxins, with a specific focus on AhR involvement in mediating reproductive toxicity in mammals. Within this context, the impact of dioxins, notably 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), on Folliculogenesis and Preimplantation embryos is discussed. Furthermore, the review delves into the disruptions of the female hormonal system caused by TCDD and their ramifications in endometriosis. Notably, variations in the effects of TCDD on the female reproductive and hormonal system are highlighted in relation to TCDD dose, animal species, and age. As a forward-looking perspective, questions arise regarding the potential involvement of molecular mechanisms beyond AhR in mediating the female reproductive toxicity of dioxins.
已经开展了广泛的研究来调查二噁英对哺乳动物的毒理学影响，结果表明其对人类和动物的雌性生殖系统均有深远影响。接触二噁英会显著扰乱卵巢的复杂功能，卵巢是负责生殖和内分泌过程的关键器官。这种扰乱表现为不孕、卵巢早衰以及性类固醇激素水平紊乱。涵盖人类意外接触和实验动物数据的综合研究产生了大量信息，这些信息受实验因素影响，结论虽一致但存在差异。本综述首先介绍卵巢的总体背景，强调其在生殖健康中的基础作用，特别是在卵巢类固醇生成和激素受体调节方面。随后，详细阐述芳烃受体（AhR）及其在调控卵巢功能中的作用。接着，综述概述二噁英的来源和毒性，特别关注AhR在介导哺乳动物生殖毒性中的作用。在此背景下，讨论二噁英，尤其是2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并对二噁英（TCDD）对卵泡发生和植入前胚胎的影响。此外，综述深入探讨TCDD对女性激素系统的干扰及其在内异症中的后果。值得注意的是，强调了TCDD对雌性生殖和激素系统的影响在TCDD剂量、动物物种和年龄方面的差异。作为前瞻性观点，关于AhR以外的分子机制在介导二噁英雌性生殖毒性中的潜在作用也引发了一些问题。
