The efficacy and tolerability of bortezomib, thalidomide, and dexamethasone induction therapy with a thalidomide dose step-up strategy in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: A prospective observational study.

BACKGROUND

Thalidomide-containing regimens cause adverse events (AEs) that may require a reduction in treatment intensity or even treatment discontinuation in patients with multiple myeloma. As thalidomide toxicity is dose-dependent, identifying the most appropriate dose for each patient is essential.

AIMS

This study aimed to investigate the effects of a thalidomide dose step-up strategy on treatment response and progression-free survival (PFS).

METHODS AND RESULTS

This prospective observational study included 93 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) who received bortezomib, thalidomide, and dexamethasone (VTD). The present study assessed the incidence of thalidomide dose reduction and discontinuation, the overall dose intensity, and their effects on therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, this study used Cox proportional hazard models to analyze the factors contributing to thalidomide intolerability. The results showed the overall response rates in all patients and the evaluable patients were 78.5% and 98.7%, respectively. The median PFS in the study cohort was not reached. The most common thalidomide-related AEs were constipation (32.3%) and skin rash (23.7%), resulting in dose reduction and discontinuation rates of 22.6% and 21.5%, respectively. The responders had a significantly higher average thalidomide dose intensity than the nonresponders (88.6% vs. 42.9%, p < .001).

CONCLUSION

The thalidomide dose step-up approach is a viable option for patients with NDMM receiving VTD induction therapy with satisfactory efficacy and tolerability. However, thalidomide intolerance may lead to dose reduction or discontinuation due to unpredictable AEs, leading to lower dose intensity and potentially inferior treatment outcomes. In addition to a dose step-up strategy, optimal supportive care is critical for patients with multiple myeloma receiving VTD induction therapy.