Department of Clinical Kampo Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki City, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan.
J Nat Med. 2024 Sep;78(4):876-886. doi: 10.1007/s11418-024-01819-w. Epub 2024 May 22.
The development of new cultivars is essential for establishing a method of producing licorice in Japan. A suitable new cultivar for domestic licorice production, known as the interspecific hybrid strain C-18, was developed by crossbreeding Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. (as the seed parent, possessing a high glycyrrhizin (GL) content, strain OMP-28) and Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (as the pollen parent, known for vigorous growth, strain OMP-10). Both G. uralensis and G. glabra are specified in the Pharmacopoeia of Japan (18th edition) as the source plants for Glycyrrhizae Radix. After 2 years of cultivation, strain C-18 exhibited robust growth, with a fresh weight of 148.8 g and a stem diameter of 0.89 mm. The GL content in the dry weight was measured at 3.61%. Seedlings cultivated from rhizomes in the field for 2 years showed a tap root fresh weight per plant of 120 ± 21 g, with an average GL content relative to the dry weight of 2.68% ± 0.38%. Although glabridin, a characteristic compound of G. glabra, was not detected, glycycoumarin, a characteristic compound of G. uralensis, was detected via HPLC analysis. Strain C-18 contained glycycoumarin as a characteristic compound of G. uralensis but lacked glabridin, a compound characteristic of G. glabra. Additionally, 2,3-dehydrokievitone (1) and parvisoflavone A (2) were identified as distinctive components of the interspecific hybrid (G. uralensis × G. glabra) C-18.
培育新品种对于在日本建立甘草生产方法至关重要。通过将甘草（作为种子亲本，具有高甘草酸（GL）含量，菌株 OMP-28）和甘草（作为花粉亲本，以旺盛的生长而闻名，菌株 OMP-10）进行杂交，培育出一种适合国内甘草生产的新型杂交品种 C-18。在日本（第 18 版）药典中，甘草和甘草均被指定为甘草根的来源植物。经过 2 年的种植，C-18 表现出强劲的生长，鲜重为 148.8g，茎直径为 0.89mm。干重的 GL 含量为 3.61%。在田间从根茎中培育出的 2 年生幼苗，每株主根鲜重为 120±21g，平均 GL 含量占干重的 2.68%±0.38%。虽然没有检测到甘草的特征化合物甘草素，但通过 HPLC 分析检测到了甘草的特征化合物甘草香豆素。C-18 含有甘草的特征化合物甘草香豆素，但缺乏甘草的特征化合物甘草素。此外，还鉴定出 2,3-脱氢京尼酮（1）和小甘草素 A（2）为种间杂种（甘草×甘草）C-18 的特有成分。
