Department of Textile Engineering, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Creative Carbon Labs Pvt Ltd, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Mol Diagn Ther. 2024 Jul;28(4):425-453. doi: 10.1007/s40291-024-00717-x. Epub 2024 May 22.
Cancer is a leading global cause of mortality, which underscores the imperative of early detection for improved patient outcomes. Biorecognition molecules, especially aptamers, have emerged as highly effective tools for early and accurate cancer cell identification. Aptamers, with superior versatility in synthesis and modification, offer enhanced binding specificity and stability compared with conventional antibodies. Hence, this article reviews diagnostic strategies employing aptamer-based biohybrid nano-biosensing technologies, focusing on their utility in detecting cancer biomarkers and abnormal cells. Recent developments include the synthesis of nano-aptamers using diverse nanomaterials, such as metallic nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, carbon-derived substances, and biohybrid nanostructures. The integration of these nanomaterials with aptamers significantly enhances sensitivity and specificity, promising innovative and efficient approaches for cancer diagnosis. This convergence of nanotechnology with aptamer research holds the potential to revolutionize cancer treatment through rapid, accurate, and non-invasive diagnostic methods.
癌症是全球主要的死亡原因之一，这凸显了早期检测对于改善患者预后的必要性。生物识别分子，特别是适体，已成为早期准确识别癌细胞的有效工具。与传统抗体相比，适体在合成和修饰方面具有更高的多功能性，提供了增强的结合特异性和稳定性。因此，本文综述了基于适体的生物杂交纳米生物传感技术的诊断策略，重点介绍了它们在检测癌症生物标志物和异常细胞方面的应用。最近的发展包括使用各种纳米材料（如金属纳米粒子、金属氧化物纳米粒子、碳衍生物质和生物杂交纳米结构）合成纳米适体。这些纳米材料与适体的结合显著提高了灵敏度和特异性，为癌症诊断提供了创新和高效的方法。纳米技术与适体研究的融合有可能通过快速、准确和非侵入性的诊断方法彻底改变癌症治疗。
