Li Ka Shing, Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 8 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Lui Che Woo Clinical Sciences Building, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, 9/F, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
BMC Public Health. 2024 May 22;24(1):1372. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-18832-z.
The unknownness and dread potential of a risk event shapes its perceived risk. A public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) declaration by the World Health Organisation (WHO) is a signal for such an event. Understanding perceived risk then shapes risk-avoiding behaviours, important for health prevention. The review aims to consolidate the determinants of risk perception during a PHEIC, underscoring the need for grounding in context and theory. Studies published from 2010 until end-2020, searching PubMed, PsycINFO, MedlinePlus, PubPsych, and CINAHL, were included. Studies with only biological conceptualisations of risk, or no association to risk perception, were excluded. A total of 65 studies were included. Quality of the cross-sectional studies was assessed using Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS), yielding an average of 5.4 stars (out of 10). Factors were classified into three broad categories - individual, contextual, and media. Individual risk factors include emotions; beliefs, trust, and perceptions; immutable physical traits (sex, age, ethnicity); mutable traits (education, income, etc.); and knowledge, with no definitive correlation to risk perception. Contextual traits include pandemic experience, time, and location, with only time negatively correlated to risk perception. Media traits include exposure, attention, and framing of media, with no clear association to risk perception. One limitation is excluding a portion of COVID-19 studies due to censoring. Still, this lack of consensus highlights the need to better conceptualise "risk perception". Specifying the context and timing is also important since jurisdictions experience different outbreaks depending on outbreak histories. Using theories to ground risk perception research assists with these tasks.
风险事件的未知性和潜在恐惧塑造了其感知风险。世界卫生组织（WHO）宣布国际关注的突发公共卫生事件（PHEIC）是此类事件的信号。因此，了解感知风险会影响规避风险的行为，这对健康预防很重要。本综述旨在整合 PHEIC 期间感知风险的决定因素，强调需要基于背景和理论。纳入了 2010 年至 2020 年底期间在 PubMed、PsycINFO、MedlinePlus、PubPsych 和 CINAHL 上发表的研究。仅包含对风险的生物学概念化或与风险感知无关的研究被排除在外。共纳入 65 项研究。使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表（NOS）评估横断面研究的质量，平均得分为 5.4 星（满分 10 分）。将因素分为三大类 - 个体、环境和媒体。个体风险因素包括情绪；信念、信任和认知；不可改变的身体特征（性别、年龄、种族）；可改变的特征（教育、收入等）；以及知识，但与风险感知没有明确的相关性。环境特征包括大流行经历、时间和地点，只有时间与风险感知呈负相关。媒体特征包括媒体的暴露、关注和框架，但与风险感知没有明确的关联。一个局限性是由于审查而排除了一部分 COVID-19 研究。尽管如此，这种缺乏共识突显了更好地概念化“风险感知”的必要性。具体说明背景和时间也很重要，因为不同司法管辖区根据疫情历史经历不同的疫情爆发。使用理论来为风险感知研究提供依据有助于完成这些任务。
