Mekonnen Biset Asrade, Yizengaw Muluabay Getie, Kassahun Haile, Ketema Gebremariam
Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, P.O. Box 79, Ethiopia.
Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, P.O. Box 79, Ethiopia.
Int J Food Sci. 2024 May 15;2024:6677324. doi: 10.1155/2024/6677324. eCollection 2024.
Excess accumulation of potentially toxic elements in frequently consumed fruits is a serious threat to human health. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb) and to estimate the noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks associated with their daily intake in commonly consumed fruits in Bahir Dar town, northwest Ethiopia.
Three types of fruits (mango, banana, and orange) were collected using a simple random sampling method from open markets in Bahir Dar town. Wet digestion was used, and the concentration of potentially toxic elements was analyzed in the edible portion of the fruits. The average daily intake (ADI), hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI), and target cancer risk (TCR) were estimated to assess the human health risks posed by the intake of those potentially toxic elements from the consumption of the studied fruits.
The concentrations of Cr and Cu were lower than the maximum limit of normal values in mango, banana, and orange. However, the Pb and Cd concentrations (mg kg) in mango were 0.576 and 1.771, respectively, which exceeded the FAO/WHO recommended permissible limits of 0.3 mg kg and 0.2 mg kg, respectively. The ADI of potentially toxic elements was found to be lower than the maximum permitted tolerable daily intake in the studied fruits, and the HI values (mgday kg) of all studied potentially toxic elements were lower than one in banana and orange, except mango (3.69). The TCR values for Pb, Cd, and Cr in banana and orange were 7.16 × 10 and 7.15 × 10, respectively, which exceeded the recommended threshold risk limit (>1 × 10), but in mango (1.71 × 10), the level was above the moderate risk limit (>1 × 10). However, the TCR value in all the studied fruits was above the recommended safe limit (ILCR < 1 × 10) set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA).
The study revealed that the consumption of mango fruit in the studied areas may pose noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic adverse health effects.
常见水果中潜在有毒元素的过量积累对人类健康构成严重威胁。本研究的目的是测定镉（Cd）、铬（Cr）、铜（Cu）和铅（Pb）的含量，并评估埃塞俄比亚西北部巴赫达尔镇常见水果中这些元素的每日摄入量所带来的非致癌和致癌健康风险。
采用简单随机抽样方法从巴赫达尔镇的露天市场采集了三种水果（芒果、香蕉和橙子）。采用湿法消解，分析了水果可食用部分中潜在有毒元素的浓度。估算了平均每日摄入量（ADI）、危害商数（HQ）、危害指数（HI）和目标癌症风险（TCR），以评估食用这些研究水果摄入潜在有毒元素对人类健康造成的风险。
芒果、香蕉和橙子中Cr和Cu的浓度低于正常值的最大限值。然而，芒果中Pb和Cd的浓度（mg/kg）分别为0.576和1.771，分别超过了粮农组织/世界卫生组织建议的允许限值0.3 mg/kg和0.2 mg/kg。研究发现，所研究水果中潜在有毒元素的ADI低于最大允许每日摄入量，除芒果（3.69）外，所有研究的潜在有毒元素在香蕉和橙子中的HI值（mg/（day·kg））均低于1。香蕉和橙子中Pb、Cd和Cr的TCR值分别为7.16×10和7.15×10，超过了推荐的阈值风险限值（>1×10），但在芒果中（1.71×10），该水平高于中度风险限值（>1×10）。然而，所有研究水果中的TCR值均高于美国环境保护局（US-EPA）设定的推荐安全限值（ILCR<1×10）。
该研究表明，研究区域内食用芒果可能会产生非致癌和致癌的不良健康影响。
