Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
Environ Sci Technol. 2024 Jun 4;58(22):9750-9759. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.4c01698. Epub 2024 May 23.
Humans are known to be a continuous and potent indoor source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, little is known about how personal hygiene, in terms of showering frequency, can influence these emissions and their impact on indoor air chemistry involving ozone. In this study, we characterized the VOC composition of the air in a controlled climate chamber (22.5 m with an air change rate at 3.2 h) occupied by four male volunteers on successive days under ozone-free (∼0 ppb) and ozone-present (37-40 ppb) conditions. The volunteers either showered the evening prior to the experiments or skipped showering for 24 and 48 h. Reduced shower frequency increased human emissions of gas-phase carboxylic acids, possibly originating from skin bacteria. With ozone present, increasing the number of no-shower days enhanced ozone-skin surface reactions, yielding higher levels of oxidation products. Wearing the same clothing over several days reduced the level of compounds generated from clothing-ozone reactions. When skin lotion was applied, the yield of the skin ozonolysis products decreased, while other compounds increased due to ozone reactions with lotion ingredients. These findings help determine the degree to which personal hygiene choices affect the indoor air composition and indoor air exposures.
人类已知是挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）的持续且强效的室内来源。然而，人们对个人卫生（如洗澡频率）如何影响这些排放物及其对涉及臭氧的室内空气化学的影响知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们在一个受控气候室（22.5 平方米，空气交换率为 3.2 小时）中对四名男性志愿者在无臭氧（约 0 ppb）和臭氧存在（37-40 ppb）条件下连续几天的空气进行了 VOC 成分特征描述。志愿者要么在前一天晚上洗澡，要么 24 小时和 48 小时不洗澡。洗澡频率降低会增加人体排放的气相羧酸，这些羧酸可能来自皮肤细菌。臭氧存在时，增加不洗澡的天数会增强臭氧与皮肤表面的反应，产生更高水平的氧化产物。多日穿着同样的衣服会降低衣服与臭氧反应生成的化合物水平。当使用皮肤乳液时，皮肤臭氧化产物的生成量会减少，而由于与乳液成分的臭氧反应，其他化合物的生成量会增加。这些发现有助于确定个人卫生选择在多大程度上影响室内空气成分和室内空气暴露。
