Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
J Youth Adolesc. 2024 Oct;53(10):2266-2286. doi: 10.1007/s10964-024-01983-y. Epub 2024 May 23.
Developing leadership skills during adolescence is crucial for future career success. Previous studies have primarily focused on the impact of school settings, academic courses, and simulated team tasks on leader emergence, neglecting the significant role of parental influence in this process. Employing a mixed-methods approach, this research investigated the positive relationship between parental warmth and adolescent leader emergence and the underlying mechanisms of this relationship. The quantitative study (Study 1) collected multi-source data from 1255 adolescents (M = 14.2, SD = 0.56, 48.2% male) and their parents, teachers and peers. Findings from Study 1 revealed a positive correlation between parental warmth and adolescent leader emergence. Structural equation modeling showed two mediating pathways: an intrapersonal pathway involving self-esteem and leader self-efficacy, and an interpersonal pathway involving empathy and prosocial behavior. Encouragement of independence, as an additional adolescents-focused parenting practice, strengthened the observed positive relationship. The qualitative study (Study 2) conducted in-depth interviews with adolescents to identify the parental practices that facilitate or hinder adolescent leader emergence for the triangulation of the central research question. Study 2 collected data from 32 adolescents (M = 15.16, SD = 1.37, 50% male). Findings from Study 2 corroborated the significance of parental warmth and the encouragement of independence for adolescent leader emergence, elucidating specific parenting behaviors conducive to these positive parenting practices, such as providing companionship and communication, as well as encouraging adolescents to participate in household tasks. This mix-methods research prepositioned the stages of leadership development, advocating for the importance of the warmth and autonomy from parents as formative factors for cultivating the next generation of leaders.
在青少年时期培养领导技能对于未来的职业成功至关重要。先前的研究主要集中在学校环境、学术课程和模拟团队任务对领导者出现的影响上，而忽略了父母影响在这一过程中的重要作用。本研究采用混合方法，调查了父母温暖与青少年领导能力发展之间的积极关系，以及这种关系的潜在机制。定量研究（研究 1）从 1255 名青少年（M=14.2，SD=0.56，48.2%为男性）及其父母、教师和同伴那里收集了多源数据。研究 1 的结果显示，父母温暖与青少年领导能力发展之间存在正相关。结构方程模型显示了两种中介途径：涉及自尊和领导自我效能感的内在途径，以及涉及同理心和亲社会行为的人际途径。鼓励独立作为一种额外的青少年为中心的养育实践，增强了观察到的积极关系。定性研究（研究 2）对青少年进行了深入访谈，以确定促进或阻碍青少年领导能力发展的父母实践，以对中心研究问题进行三角验证。研究 2从 32 名青少年（M=15.16，SD=1.37，50%为男性）处收集了数据。研究 2 的结果证实了父母温暖和鼓励独立对于青少年领导能力发展的重要性，阐明了促进这些积极养育实践的具体养育行为，例如提供陪伴和沟通，以及鼓励青少年参与家务。这项混合方法研究为领导能力发展的各个阶段提供了依据，倡导父母的温暖和自主性作为培养下一代领导者的形成因素的重要性。
