Thanee Isara, Jumpato Waraporn, Jaroenchaiwattanachote Chavanut, Gomontean Bhuvadol, Wannasingha Wannachai, Namtaku San, Adler Peter H, Pramual Pairot
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Kantharawichai District, Mahasarakham 44150, Thailand.
Department of Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Health Technology, Kalasin University, Na Mon District, Kalasin 46230, Thailand.
Insects. 2024 May 11;15(5):346. doi: 10.3390/insects15050346.
Two species of black flies (Simuliidae) in Thailand, Takaoka and Kuvangkadilok, 2000, and Takaoka, Srisuka & Saeung, 2022, are potent vectors of avian blood protozoa of the genera and and are pests of domestic avian species. Although the adults are abundant throughout Thailand, information on their breeding habitats is limited, and the immature stages of are unknown. We collected the larvae and pupae of from the Mekong River, the first-ever record of Simuliidae from this large continental river. Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I and internal transcribed spacer 2 were used to associate the larvae and pupae with known adults. Both genetic markers strongly supported their identity as . The larvae and pupa of are described. The pupal gill filaments, larval abdominal protuberances, and setae distinguish this species from other members of the species group. The immature stages of inhabit a wide variety of flowing waters, from small streams (3 m wide) to enormous continental rivers (400 m wide); thus, is a habitat generalist. In contrast, was found only in the large Mekong River and is, therefore, a habitat specialist. Both species can exploit their principal habitats and produce abundant adult populations.
泰国的两种蚋（蚋科），Takaoka和Kuvangkadilok，2000年，以及Takaoka、Srisuka和Saeung，2022年，是禽类血原虫属的有效传播媒介，也是家禽物种的害虫。尽管成虫在泰国各地都很常见，但关于它们繁殖栖息地的信息有限，且其未成熟阶段尚不清楚。我们从湄公河采集了该蚋的幼虫和蛹，这是首次在这条大型大陆河流中记录到蚋科。线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶I和内转录间隔区2被用于将幼虫和蛹与已知成虫关联起来。两种遗传标记都有力地支持了它们作为该蚋的身份。描述了该蚋的幼虫和蛹。蛹鳃丝、幼虫腹部突起和刚毛将该物种与该物种组的其他成员区分开来。该蚋的未成熟阶段栖息在各种各样的流动水域中，从小溪流（3米宽）到大型大陆河流（400米宽）；因此，该蚋是一种栖息地泛化种。相比之下，另一种蚋仅在大型湄公河中被发现，因此是一种栖息地特化种。这两个物种都能利用其主要栖息地并产生大量成虫种群。
