Cumin Seed Oil Induces Oxidative Stress-Based Antifungal Activities on .

In this study, the antifungal activity of cumin seed oil (CSO) was tested on . (i) Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and related concentrations (IC, IC, and IC) were detected; (ii) toxicity was evaluated by a water-soluble tetrazolium salt-1 (WST-1) assay; (iii) genomic/epigenomic alterations were evaluated by the coupled restriction enzyme digestion-random amplification (CRED-RA) method; (iv) oxidative stress was investigated by expression, catalase activity, and DCF-DA staining; (v) deoxynivalenol biosynthesis was evaluated by expression; (vi) and potential effects of CSO on wheat were tested by a water loss rate (WLR) assay. MIC, IC, IC and IC values were detected at 0.5, 0.375, 0.25, and 0.125 mg mL. In WST-1 assays, significant decreases ( < 0.001) were detected. Genomic template stability (GTS) related to methylation differences ranged from 94.60% to 96.30%. Percentage polymorphism for II/I values were as 9.1%/15.8%. (oxidative stress-related catalase) and (zinc finger motif transcription factor) gene expressions were recorded between 5.29 ± 0.74 and 0.46 ± 0.10 ( < 0.05). Increased catalase activity was detected ( < 0.05) by spectrophotometric assays. DCF-DA-stained (oxidative stressed) cells were increased in response to increased concentrations, and there were no significant changes in WLR values. It was concluded that CSO showed strong antifungal activity on via different physiological levels.