Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences Department (CHIMOMO), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy.
Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, St. Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, Italy.
Genes (Basel). 2024 Apr 26;15(5):553. doi: 10.3390/genes15050553.
Cell-free nucleic acids (cf-NAs) represent a promising biomarker of various pathological and physiological conditions. Since its discovery in 1948, cf-NAs gained prognostic value in oncology, immunology, and other relevant fields. In peritoneal dialysis (PD), blood purification is performed by exposing the peritoneal membrane. Relevant sections: Complications of PD such as acute peritonitis and peritoneal membrane aging are often critical in PD patient management. In this review, we focused on bacterial DNA, cell-free DNA, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), microRNA (miRNA), and their potential uses as biomarkers for monitoring PD and its complications. For instance, the isolation of bacterial DNA in early acute peritonitis allows bacterial identification and subsequent therapy implementation. Cell-free DNA in peritoneal dialysis effluent (PDE) represents a marker of stress of the peritoneal membrane in both acute and chronic PD complications. Moreover, miRNA are promising hallmarks of peritoneal membrane remodeling and aging, even before its manifestation. In this scenario, with multiple cytokines involved, mtDNA could be considered equally meaningful to determine tissue inflammation.
This review explores the relevance of cf-NAs in PD, demonstrating its promising role for both diagnosis and treatment. Further studies are necessary to implement the use of cf-NAs in PD clinical practice.
细胞游离核酸（cf-NAs）是各种病理和生理状况的有前途的生物标志物。自 1948 年发现以来，cf-NAs 在肿瘤学、免疫学和其他相关领域具有预后价值。在腹膜透析（PD）中，通过暴露腹膜来进行血液净化。相关部分：PD 的并发症，如急性腹膜炎和腹膜老化，在 PD 患者的管理中经常是关键的。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了细菌 DNA、游离细胞 DNA、线粒体 DNA（mtDNA）、微小 RNA（miRNA）及其作为监测 PD 及其并发症的生物标志物的潜在用途。例如，在早期急性腹膜炎中分离细菌 DNA 可以进行细菌鉴定和随后的治疗实施。腹透液（PDE）中的游离细胞 DNA 代表了腹膜在急性和慢性 PD 并发症中应激的标志物。此外，miRNA 是腹膜膜重塑和老化的有前途的特征，甚至在其表现之前。在这种情况下，涉及多种细胞因子，mtDNA 可以被认为与确定组织炎症同样有意义。
本综述探讨了 cf-NAs 在 PD 中的相关性，证明了其在诊断和治疗方面的有前途的作用。需要进一步的研究来将 cf-NAs 应用于 PD 临床实践。
