Black R E, Cisneros L, Levine M M, Banfi A, Lobos H, Rodriguez H
Bull World Health Organ. 1985;63(5):899-904.
Typhoid fever is an important endemic health problem in Santiago, Chile. Its incidence has more than doubled in recent years, during which access to potable water and sewage disposal in the home became almost universal in the city. A matched case-control study was carried out to identify risk factors and vehicles of transmission of paediatric typhoid fever; 81 children in the 3-14-years age group with typhoid fever were compared with controls, matched with respect to age, sex, and neighbourhood. It was found that case children more frequently bought lunch at school and shared food with classmates. Also, case children more often consumed flavoured ices bought outside the home; none of 41 other food items considered in the study was associated with a higher risk of typhoid fever. Only two food handlers for cases and one for controls were positive for Salmonella typhi, indicating that persons preparing food solely for their own family were not the main source of S. typhi infection. Rather, the risk factors identified in this study are consistent with the hypothesis that paediatric endemic typhoid fever in Santiago is largely spread by consumption of food-stuffs that are prepared outside the individual's home and are shared with or sold to children.
伤寒热是智利圣地亚哥一个重要的地方性健康问题。近年来其发病率增加了一倍多，在此期间，该市家庭获得饮用水和污水处理的情况几乎普及。开展了一项匹配病例对照研究，以确定小儿伤寒热的危险因素和传播媒介；将81名3至14岁患伤寒热的儿童与在年龄、性别和邻里方面相匹配的对照组进行比较。结果发现，病例组儿童更频繁地在学校购买午餐并与同学分享食物。此外，病例组儿童更常食用在家外购买的调味冰；该研究中考虑的其他41种食物均未显示与伤寒热风险升高有关。病例组的食品处理人员中只有两人、对照组只有一人伤寒杆菌检测呈阳性，这表明只为自己家人准备食物的人并非伤寒杆菌感染的主要来源。相反，本研究确定的危险因素与以下假设一致，即圣地亚哥小儿地方性伤寒热主要通过食用在家庭外制备并与儿童分享或卖给儿童的食品传播。
