Kaltsas Aris, Zikopoulos Athanasios, Vrachnis Dionysios, Skentou Chara, Symeonidis Evangelos N, Dimitriadis Fotios, Stavros Sofoklis, Chrisofos Michael, Sofikitis Nikolaos, Vrachnis Nikolaos, Zachariou Athanasios
Third Department of Urology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece.
Laboratory of Spermatology, Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
J Clin Med. 2024 May 7;13(10):2731. doi: 10.3390/jcm13102731.
As global demographics shift toward increasing paternal age, the realm of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs), particularly in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), faces new challenges and opportunities. This study provides a comprehensive exploration of the implications of advanced paternal age on ART outcomes. Background research highlights the social, cultural, and economic factors driving men toward later fatherhood, with a focus on the impact of delayed paternity on reproductive outcomes. Methods involve a thorough review of existing literature, centering on changes in testicular function, semen quality, and genetic and epigenetic shifts associated with advancing age. Study results point to intricate associations between the father's age and ART outcomes, with older age being linked to diminished semen quality, potential genetic risks, and varied impacts on embryo quality, implantation rates, and birth outcomes. The conclusions drawn from the current study suggest that while advanced paternal age presents certain risks and challenges, understanding and mitigating these through strategies such as sperm cryopreservation, lifestyle modifications, and preimplantation genetic testing can optimize ART outcomes. Future research directions are identified to further comprehend the epigenetic mechanisms and long-term effects of the older father on offspring health. This study underscores the need for a comprehensive approach in navigating the intricacies of delayed fatherhood within the context of ART, aiming for the best possible outcomes for couples and their children.
随着全球人口结构向父亲年龄增加的方向转变，辅助生殖技术（ARTs）领域，尤其是体外受精（IVF）和胞浆内单精子注射（ICSI），面临着新的挑战和机遇。本研究全面探讨了父亲年龄增大对辅助生殖技术结局的影响。背景研究强调了促使男性晚育的社会、文化和经济因素，重点关注晚育对生殖结局的影响。方法包括对现有文献进行全面综述，核心是睾丸功能、精液质量的变化，以及与年龄增长相关的遗传和表观遗传变化。研究结果表明父亲年龄与辅助生殖技术结局之间存在复杂的关联，年龄较大与精液质量下降、潜在遗传风险以及对胚胎质量、着床率和出生结局的不同影响有关。本研究得出的结论表明，虽然父亲年龄增大存在一定风险和挑战，但通过精子冷冻保存、生活方式改变和植入前基因检测等策略来理解和减轻这些风险，可以优化辅助生殖技术的结局。确定了未来的研究方向，以进一步了解年长父亲对后代健康的表观遗传机制和长期影响。本研究强调，在辅助生殖技术背景下应对晚育的复杂性时，需要采取综合方法，为夫妇及其子女争取尽可能好的结局。
