Putrino Alessandra, Marinelli Enrico, Galeotti Angela, Ferrazzano Gianmaria Fabrizio, Ciribè Massimiliano, Zaami Simona
Dentistry Unit, Management Innovations, Diagnostics and Clinical Pathways, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy.
Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy.
Microorganisms. 2024 Apr 30;12(5):902. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12050902.
One of the most promising areas of research in palaeomicrobiology is the study of the human microbiome. In particular, ancient dental calculus helps to reconstruct a substantial share of oral microbiome composition by mapping together human evolution with its state of health/oral disease. This review aims to trace microbial characteristics in ancient dental calculus to describe the evolution of the human host-oral microbiome relationship in oral health or disease in children and adults. Following the PRISMA-Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines, the main scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, Lilacs, Cochrane Library) have been drawn upon. Eligibility criteria were established, and all the data collected on a purpose-oriented collection form were analysed descriptively. From the initial 340 records, only 19 studies were deemed comprehensive enough for the purpose of this review. The knowledge of the composition of ancient oral microbiomes has broadened over the past few years thanks to increasingly well-performing decontamination protocols and additional analytical avenues. Above all, metagenomic sequencing, also implemented by state-of-the-art bioinformatics tools, allows for the determination of the qualitative-quantitative composition of microbial species associated with health status and caries/periodontal disease. Some microbial species, especially periodontal pathogens, do not appear to have changed in history, while others that support caries disease or oral health could be connected to human evolution through lifestyle and environmental contributing factors.
古微生物学最有前景的研究领域之一是人类微生物组的研究。特别是，古代牙菌斑通过将人类进化与其健康状况/口腔疾病状态相结合，有助于重建很大一部分口腔微生物组的组成。这篇综述旨在追溯古代牙菌斑中的微生物特征，以描述儿童和成人在口腔健康或疾病中人类宿主与口腔微生物组关系的演变。遵循PRISMA扩展的范围综述指南，利用了主要的科学数据库（PubMed、Scopus、Lilacs、Cochrane图书馆）。制定了纳入标准，并对以目的为导向的收集表上收集的所有数据进行了描述性分析。从最初的340条记录中，只有19项研究被认为对本综述目的来说足够全面。由于去污方案和其他分析途径的性能越来越好，在过去几年中，对古代口腔微生物组组成的了解有所拓宽。最重要的是，通过最先进的生物信息学工具实施的宏基因组测序，可以确定与健康状况以及龋齿/牙周疾病相关的微生物种类的定性定量组成。一些微生物种类，特别是牙周病原体，在历史上似乎没有变化，而其他支持龋齿疾病或口腔健康的微生物种类可能通过生活方式和环境影响因素与人类进化相关联。
