Frickmann Hagen, Backhaus Joy, Hoerauf Achim, Hagen Ralf Matthias, Kann Simone
Department of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, 20359 Hamburg, Germany.
Microorganisms. 2024 May 11;12(5):970. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12050970.
Multiple microbial detections in stool samples of indigenous individuals suffering from chronic gastroenteric disorder of a likely infectious origin, characterized by recurring diarrhea of variable intensity, in the rural north-east of Colombia are common findings, making the assignment of etiological relevance to individual pathogens challenging. In a population of 773 indigenous people from either the tribe Wiwa or Kogui, collider bias analysis was conducted comprising 32 assessed microorganisms including 10 bacteria ( spp., spp., enteroaggregative (EAEC), enteropathogenic (EPEC), enterotoxigenic (ETEC), spp., Shiga toxin-producing (STEC), spp./enteroinvasive (EIEC), and spp.), 11 protozoa ( spp., spp., spp., , , /// complex, , , , and ), 8 helminths ( spp., , spp., , spp., spp., spp. and spp.), microsporidia ( spp.) and fungal elements (microscopically observed conidia and pseudoconidia). The main results indicated that negative associations potentially pointing towards collider bias were infrequent events (n = 14), while positive associations indicating increased likelihood of co-occurrence of microorganisms quantitatively dominated (n = 88). Microorganisms showing the most frequent negative associations were EPEC (n = 6) and spp. (n = 3), while positive associations were most common for spp. (n = 16), (n = 15), spp./EIEC (n = 12), spp. (n = 11) and spp. (n = 10). Of note, positive associations quantitively dominated for spp. In conclusion, collider bias assessment did not allow clear-cut assignment of etiological relevance for detected enteric microorganisms within the assessed Colombian indigenous population. Instead, the results suggested complex microbial interactions with potential summative effects. Future studies applying alternative biostatistical approaches should be considered to further delineate respective interactions.
在哥伦比亚东北部农村地区，患有可能由感染引起的慢性胃肠疾病的原住民粪便样本中多次检测到微生物，其特征为强度不一的反复腹泻，这是常见现象，因此确定个别病原体的病因相关性具有挑战性。在来自维瓦或科吉部落的773名原住民群体中，进行了对撞机偏倚分析，评估了32种微生物，包括10种细菌（ 属、 属、肠聚集性 （EAEC）、肠致病性 （EPEC）、产肠毒素性 （ETEC）、 属、产志贺毒素 （STEC）、 属/肠侵袭性 （EIEC）、 属和 属）、11种原生动物（ 属、 属、 属、 、 、///复合体、 、 、 、 ）、8种蠕虫（ 属、 、 属、 、 属、 属、 属和 属）、微孢子虫（ 属）和真菌成分（显微镜下观察到的分生孢子和假分生孢子）。主要结果表明，可能指向对撞机偏倚的负相关是罕见事件（n = 14），而表明微生物共现可能性增加的正相关在数量上占主导（n = 88）。显示最频繁负相关的微生物是EPEC（n = 6）和 属（n = 3），而正相关最常见于 属（n = 16）、 （n = 15）、 属/EIEC（n = 12）、 属（n = 11）和 属（n = 10）。值得注意的是， 属的正相关在数量上占主导。总之，对撞机偏倚评估无法明确确定所评估的哥伦比亚原住民群体中检测到的肠道微生物的病因相关性。相反，结果表明存在复杂的微生物相互作用，可能具有累加效应。应考虑采用替代生物统计学方法的未来研究，以进一步阐明各自的相互作用。
